82 results for "Howell, Peter"
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Effect of Speaking Environment on Speech Production and Perception
Environments affect speaking and listening performance. This contribution reviews some of the main ways in which all sounds are affected by the environment they propagate into. These influences are used to assess how environments affect speakers and listeners. The article concludes with a brief…
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Behavioral effects arising from the neural substrates for atypical planning and execution of word production in stuttering
This article reports on an fMRI study that examined the neural bases of atypical planning and execution processes involved in stuttering (Lu et al., 2010). In the study, twelve stuttering speakers and 12 controls named pictures which required single-syllable, multi-syllable, or repeated-syllable…
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A model of serial order problems in fluent, stuttered and agrammatic speech
Many models of speech production have attempted to explain dysfluent speech. Most models assume that the disruptions that occur when speech is dysfluent arise because the speakers make errors while planning an utterance. In this contribution, a model of the serial order of speech is described that…
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Do individuals with fragile X syndrome show developmental stuttering or not? Comment on “Speech fluency in fragile X syndrome” by van Borsel, Dor and Rondal
Van Borsel, Dor, and Rondal (2007) examined the speech of seven boys and two young male adults with fragile X syndrome and considered whether their speech was comparable to that reported in the developmental stuttering literature. They listed five criteria which led them to conclude that the speech…
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Assessment of Some Contemporary Theories of Stuttering That Apply to Spontaneous Speech
In this article, a selection of theoretical approaches about stuttering is examined. One way of characterizing theories is in terms of whether the problem of stuttering arises at the linguistic or motor levels or in the interaction between the two. A second contrast between theories is in terms of…
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Effects of delayed auditory feedback and frequency-shifted feedback on speech control and some potentials for future development of prosthetic aids for stammering
It has been known for at least a hundred years that the speech of a person who stammers becomes more fluent when alterations are made to the speaking environment. Alterations that lead to an improvement in fluency include a) noises that prevent a speaker hearing his or her own voice, and b)…
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The effect of using time intervals of different length on judgements about stuttering
Conventional clinical procedures for assessment of stuttering are reported to have poor reliability. Time interval analysis procedures have been reported to produce greater reliability than the conventional procedures. In time interval procedures, successive intervals of the same duration are…
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Comparison of two ways of defining phonological words for assessing stuttering pattern changes with age in Spanish speakers who stutter
Phonological words (PWs) are defined as having a single word that acts as a nucleus and an optional number of function words preceding and following that act as satellites. Content and function words are one way of specifying the nucleus and satellites of PW. PW, defined in this way, have been…
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Signs of developmental stuttering up to age eight and at 12 plus
Clinicians who are familiar with the general DSM-IV-TR scheme may want to know how to identify whether a child does, or (equally importantly) does not, stutter and what differences there are in the presenting signs for children of different ages. This article reviews and discusses topics in the…
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The effects of gated speech on the fluency of speakers who stutter
It is known that the speech of people who stutter improves when the speaker’s own vocalization is changed while the participant is speaking. One explanation of these effects is the disruptive rhythm hypothesis (DRH). DRH maintains that the manipulated sound only needs to disturb timing to affect…
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Strength of German accent under altered auditory feedback
Borden’s (1979, 1980) hypothesis that speakers with vulnerable speech systems rely more heavily on feedback monitoring than do speakers with less vulnerable systems was investigated. The second language (L2) of a speaker is vulnerable, in comparison with the native language, so alteration to…
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Function Word Repetitions Emerge When Speakers Are Operantly Conditioned to Reduce Frequency of Silent Pauses
…unexpected increase in word repetition rate. A recent theory proposed by Howell, Au-Yeung, and Sackin (1999) predicts that the change in word repetition rate will occur on function, not content words. This hypothesis is tested and confirmed. The results are used to assess the theory and to consider…
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Lexical priming of function words and content words with children who do, and do not, stutter
…Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon] and the developmentally focused model of Howell and Au-Yeung [Howell, P., & Au-Yeung, J. (2002). The EXPLAN theory of fluency control and the diagnosis of stuttering. In E. Fava (Ed.), Current issues in linguistic theory series: Pathology and therapy of speech disorders…
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Facilities to assist people to research into stammered speech
The purpose of this article is to indicate how access can be obtained, through Stammering Research, to audio recordings and transcriptions of spontaneous speech data from speakers who stammer. Selections of the first author’s data are available in several formats. We describe where to obtain free…
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Elements of statistical treatment of speech and hearing science data
Many of the statistical issues involved in speech and hearing research are shared with other areas of medicine. This article is the first in a series intended to stimulate examination of research data in speech and hearing areas using a wide variety of techniques. This article specifically deals…
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Suggestions for improving the long-term effects of treatments for stuttering: A Review and synthesis of frequency-shifted feedback and operant techniques
The present article outlines the potential benefits to the treatment of stuttering, if altered auditory feedback methods, especially frequency-shifted feedback, were to be combined with behaviour modification techniques. A potential framework for understanding the integration of these approaches is…
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Speech Rate Modification and Its Effects on Fluency Reversal in Fluent Speakers and People Who Stutter
A theory has been proposed recently that asserts that the problem that people who stutter have arises when these speakers attempt to execute speech at a faster rate than planning processes allow. This leads speakers to complete words before the following one is ready. Plan unavailability usually…