26 hasil untuk "Hulman, Adam"
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Changes in public perception of artificial intelligence in healthcare after exposure to ChatGPT
The public perception of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is key to its large-scale acceptance and implementation. This study investigated how exposure to ChatGPT changed public perception of AI in healthcare, using baseline and follow-up data from 5899 survey participants reporting their…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Body Mass Index Trajectories From Childhood to Adulthood and Age at Onset of Overweight and Obesity: The Influence of Parents’ Weight Status
We investigated the influence of parents’ weight status on their children’s growth trajectories and its association with age at onset of overweight and obesity. We used 16,396 height and weight records from 3,284 youths from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, followed across childhood into…
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Body mass index trajectories preceding first report of poor self-rated health: A longitudinal case-control analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
BACKGROUND: Studies have consistently found that obesity is associated with poor self-rated health, but how body mass index (BMI) developed in the lead up to poor self-rated health is unknown. METHODS: We nested a longitudinal case-control study in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Large Language Models for Epidemiological Research via Automated Machine Learning: Case Study Using Data From the British National Child Development Study
BACKGROUND: Large language models have had a huge impact on natural language processing (NLP) in recent years. However, their application in epidemiological research is still limited to the analysis of electronic health records and social media data. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the potential of NLP…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Transfer learning for non-image data in clinical research: A scoping review
BACKGROUND: Transfer learning is a form of machine learning where a pre-trained model trained on a specific task is reused as a starting point and tailored to another task in a different dataset. While transfer learning has garnered considerable attention in medical image analysis, its use for…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Are women who quit smoking at high risk of excess weight gain throughout pregnancy?
BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation has been reported to be associated with high total gestational weight gain (GWG), which itself is a risk factor for adverse maternal-infant outcomes. Recent studies have criticized conventional single measures of GWG, since they may lead to biased results. Therefore…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
The association of fetal growth rate and growth in first year of life with childhood overweight: a cohort study
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing focus on the first 1000 days from conception to two years of age as a period of importance for future weight. We aimed to describe the interaction between fetal and infant growth and their association with and ability to predict childhood overweight. METHODS: We…
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Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Fetal Growth Rate and Later Overweight in the Offspring
CONTEXT: Children of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are often born with a higher birthweight and have an increased risk of overweight during childhood. High fetal growth rate is also associated with being overweight in childhood. OBJECTIVE: To examine excessive fetal growth rate as a…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Association between coffee or caffeine consumption and fecundity and fertility: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate whether coffee or caffeine consumption is associated with reproductive endpoints among women with natural fertility (ie, time to pregnancy [TTP] and spontaneous abortion [SAB]) and among women in fertility treatment (ie, clinical pregnancy rate or live birth…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
β-Lactoglobulin Elevates Insulin and Glucagon Concentrations Compared with Whey Protein—A Randomized Double-Blinded Crossover Trial in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus
Whey protein is an insulinotropic fraction of dairy that reduces postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have recently shown that β-lactoglobulin (BLG), the largest protein fraction of whey, elevates insulin concentrations compared with iso-nitrogenous whey…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
ChatGPT- versus human-generated answers to frequently asked questions about diabetes: A Turing test-inspired survey among employees of a Danish diabetes center
Large language models have received enormous attention recently with some studies demonstrating their potential clinical value, despite not being trained specifically for this domain. We aimed to investigate whether ChatGPT, a language model optimized for dialogue, can answer frequently asked…
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Examining the provisional guidelines for weight gain in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Weight gain during pregnancy has an important impact on maternal and neonatal health. Unlike the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations for weight gain in singleton pregnancies, those for twin gestations are termed “provisional”, as they are based on limited data. The objectives of…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Reversion from prediabetes to normoglycaemia and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Whitehall II cohort study
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Reversion from prediabetes to normoglycaemia is accompanied by an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear whether this translates into a reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events or death. Hence, we studied the probability of reversion from…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Autonomic dysfunction is associated with the development of arterial stiffness: the Whitehall II cohort
This study aims to examine the association between baseline level and change of autonomic nervous function with subsequent development of arterial stiffness. Autonomic nervous function was assessed in 4901 participants of the Whitehall II occupational cohort by heart rate variability (HRV) indices…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Glucose patterns during the OGTT and risk of future diabetes in an urban Indian population: the CARRS study
AIMS: Traditionally, fasting and 2-hour post challenge plasma glucose have been used to diagnose diabetes. However, evidence indicates that clinically relevant pathophysiological information can be obtained by adding intermediate time-points to a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Trajectories of glycaemia, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in South Asian and white individuals before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal analysis from the Whitehall II cohort study
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: South Asian individuals have reduced insulin sensitivity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with white individuals. Temporal changes in glycaemic traits during middle age suggest that impaired insulin secretion is a particular feature of diabetes development among South…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Prediction of cardiovascular markers and diseases using retinal fundus images and deep learning: a systematic scoping review
Rapid development in deep learning for image analysis inspired studies to focus on predicting cardiovascular risk using retinal fundus images. This scoping review aimed to identify and describe studies using retinal fundus images and deep learning to predict cardiovascular risk markers and…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Discordance Between Glucose Levels Measured in Interstitial Fluid vs in Venous Plasma After Oral Glucose Administration: A Post-Hoc Analysis From the Randomised Controlled PRE-D Trial
AIMS: The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is together with haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) gold standard for diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the concordance between glucose values obtained from venous plasma versus interstitial fluid after oral glucose…