42 hasil untuk "Woolf, Benjamin"
Menampilkan 1–20 · 0,56 detik · RSS
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Does pre-notification increase questionnaire response rates: a randomised controlled trial nested within a systematic review
BACKGROUND: Missing outcome data can lead to bias in the results of systematic reviews. One way to address missing outcome data is by requesting the data from the trial authors, but non-response is common. One way to potentially improve response rates is by sending study participants advance…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Does advance contact with research participants increase response to questionnaires: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Questionnaires remain one of the most common forms of data collection in epidemiology, psychology and other human-sciences. However, results can be badly affected by non-response. One way to potentially reduce non-response is by sending potential study participants advance…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
The role of estimation in Mendelian randomization: should Mendelian randomization investigations provide estimates?
Mendelian randomization (MR) makes causal claims by treating genetic variation in an analogous way to randomization in a clinical trial. MR investigations can be viewed as analogous to a randomized encouragement design, in that genetic variants do not determine the precise level of an exposure, but…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
TwoStepCisMR: A Novel Method and R Package for Attenuating Bias in cis-Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Mendelian randomisation (MR) is an increasingly popular method for strengthening causal inference in epidemiological studies. cis-MR in particular uses genetic variants in the gene region of a drug target protein as an instrumental variable to provide quasi-experimental evidence for on-target drug…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Triangulating evidence for the causal impact of single-intervention zinc supplement on glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial and two-sample Mendelian randomisation
Although previous studies suggested the protective effect of Zn for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the unitary causal effect remains inconclusive. We investigated the causal effect of Zn as a single intervention on glycaemic control for T2D, using a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Appraisal of the causal effect of plasma caffeine on adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease: two sample mendelian randomisation study
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential causal effects of long term plasma caffeine concentrations on adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and major cardiovascular diseases. DESIGN: Two sample mendelian randomisation study. SETTING: Genome-wide association study summary data for associations of two single…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Plasma Caffeine Levels and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study
We leveraged genetic variants associated with caffeine metabolism in the two-sample Mendelian randomization framework to investigate the effect of plasma caffeine levels on the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Genetic association estimates for the outcomes were obtained from the…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Exploring the Lifetime Effect of Children on Wellbeing Using Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation
Background: Observational research implies a negative effect of having children on wellbeing. Objectives: To provide Mendelian randomisation evidence of the effect of having children on parental wellbeing. Design: Two-sample Mendelian randomisation. Setting: Non-clinical European ancestry…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Reassessing the validity of using weighted linear models to implement multi-generational GWAS-by-subtraction: a response to Evans et al.
Evans and colleagues for providing a critique on our article “Deriving GWAS summary estimates for paternal smoking in UK biobank: a GWAS by subtraction”. They highlight important limitations in our approach, which we overlooked. They argue that our approach works neither in theory nor in practice–…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Silence is golden, but my measures still see—why cheaper-but-noisier outcome measures in large simple trials can be more cost-effective than gold standards
OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of using cheaper-but-noisier outcome measures, such as a short questionnaire, for large simple clinical trials. BACKGROUND: To detect associations reliably, trials must avoid bias and random error. To reduce random error, we can increase the size of the…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
MVMRmode: Introducing an R package for plurality valid estimators for multivariable Mendelian randomisation
BACKGROUND: Mendelian randomisation (MR) is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables. Mode-based estimators (MBE) are one of the most popular types of estimators used in univariable-MR studies and is often used as a sensitivity analysis for pleiotropy. However, because there are no…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
The UK BiLEVE and Mendelian randomisation: using multivariable instrumental variables to address “damned if you, damned if you don’t” adjustment problems
OBJECTIVE: To explore the use of multivariable instrumental variables to resolve the “damned if you do, damned if you don’t” adjustment problem created for Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using the smoking or lung function related phenotypes in the UK Biobank (UKB). RESULT: “damned if you do…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Genetically proxied tumour necrosis factor inhibition and pregnancy-related maternal and foetal outcomes in the general population: a Mendelian randomization study
OBJECTIVES: Evidence on the safety of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) for pregnancy-related maternal and foetal outcomes remains limited. While some studies report increased rates of preterm delivery, others have suggested a possible protective role for gestational diabetes. We used population-level data to…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Correction: Deriving GWAS summary estimates for paternal smoking in UK biobank: a GWAS by subtraction
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Deriving GWAS summary estimates for paternal smoking in UK biobank: a GWAS by subtraction
OBJECTIVE: To use genome-wide association study (GWAS) by subtraction, a method for deriving novel GWASs from existing summary statistics, to derive genome-wide summary statistics for paternal smoking. RESULT: A GWAS by subtraction was implemented using a weighted linear model that defined the…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Addressing the credibility crisis in Mendelian randomization
BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have enabled Mendelian randomization analyses to be performed at an industrial scale. Two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization analyses can be performed using publicly available data by anyone who has access to the internet. While this has led to…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Morning Cortisol and Circulating Inflammatory Cytokine Levels: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Cortisol exerts a broad anti-inflammatory effect on the immune system. Inflammatory cytokines contribute to the molecular signalling pathways implicated in various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanisms by which cortisol modulates such signalling pathways remain uncertain…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Exploring the Relationship Between Caffeine Consumption, Caffeine Metabolism, and Sleep Behaviours: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Higher consumption of caffeinated beverages is associated with disturbed sleep patterns. Using genetic variants as proxies for caffeine consumption, caffeine metabolism, and sleep traits, we investigated whether this association reflects a direct effect of caffeine. Genetic variants associated with…
-
Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
MRSamePopTest: introducing a simple falsification test for the two-sample mendelian randomisation ‘same population’ assumption
Two-sample MR is an increasingly popular method for strengthening causal inference in epidemiological studies. For the effect estimates to be meaningful, variant-exposure and variant-outcome associations must come from comparable populations. A recent systematic review of two-sample MR studies…