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Artikel Jurnal
Automated ROI detection allows rapid quantification of synaptic activity across tens of thousands of synapses in cell culture
Synapses are the basic unit of information transfer between neurons. Their dysfunction is a common trigger of cognitive diseases and disorders. However, high-throughput analysis methods to assess synaptic function and dysfunction are lacking. Calcium imaging in cultured neurons in the absence of…
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Heterosynaptic NMDA receptor plasticity in hippocampal dentate granule cells
The dentate gyrus is a key relay station that controls information transfer from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus proper. This process relies heavily on dendritic integration by dentate granule cells (GCs) of excitatory synaptic inputs from the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex via…
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Synaptosomes isolated from cryopreserved MND motor cortex reveal altered calcium handling and reduced complex IV–linked respiration
Motor neuron disease (MND) is marked by progressive neurodegeneration in which presynaptic Ca2+-handling and mitochondrial metabolism are thought to be vulnerable, but direct functional studies in human brain are scarce because most material is frozen long-term. Here, we show that synaptosomes…
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NMDA receptor mediated tonic excitatory currents are elicited by EAAT inhibition on human neocortical pyramidal neurons
IntroductionAmbient glutamate is capable of regulating neural excitability and contributes to several brain pathologies. It is well established by experiments on rodent tissue that extrasynaptic glutamate –mainly regulated by astrocytic glutamate uptake- can elicit both phasic slow inward currents…
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The Freiburg framework for multimodal ex situ assessment of neural plasticity in human cortical tissue
Studying human cortical physiology requires access to viable brain tissue, yet species-specific differences limit the translational value of animal models. To address this, multiple laboratories have developed ex situ approaches for investigating neurosurgical access tissue using…
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Artikel Jurnal
Patterned pre-sensory spontaneous activity drives the structural refinement of developing cochlear ribbon synapses
IntroductionIn the mammalian cochlea, hearing relies on highly specialized ribbon-type synapses between sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons. During early postnatal maturation, structural and functional refinements re-shape synaptic morphology and thereby…
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Artikel Jurnal
Aging and Alzheimer’s: the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic alterations
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline, accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, and mitochondrial impairment. Despite multiple therapeutic strategies, currently available treatments only provide…
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Artikel Jurnal
Dysfunctional brain connectivity and cognition in late preterm infants: novel perspectives on neurodevelopment and learning
Late preterm birth, occurred between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation, constitutes a risk factor for neurodevelopment. Despite being initially considered as a near term group of newborns, late preterm infants have shown dysfunctions in cerebral connectivity and in learning at school age. This…
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Artikel Jurnal
Experience-dependent critical period for synaptic plasticity in the rat olfactory amygdala
IntroductionThe amygdala is involved in processing and memory of emotional stimuli. The cortical regions of the amygdala are situated medially to the piriform cortex (PC) and are also considered part of the olfactory system, which may explain why scents can evoke strong emotional responses and…
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Metabolic regulation of synaptic plasticity in anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is increasingly understood as a metabo-psychiatric disorder in which metabolic biology and neural circuit function are intrinsically intertwined. Genetic studies reveal that AN is associated with heritable metabolic traits suggesting that metabolic vulnerability contributes to…
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Tuning excitatory input to fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons: a lever for plasticity and hyperexcitability across the lifespan
Experience reshapes cortical circuits, yet plasticity is tightly gated—high during early critical periods and increasingly constrained with maturation. Later in life, aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) create a growing demand to restrain network hyperactivity. Across these contexts, excitatory…
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Artikel Jurnal
Evolutionary neuroeconomic adaptations of fast-spiking neurons in the human neocortex
Homo sapiens has evolved a large and complex neocortex that underlies advanced cognitive capabilities. Neural computation, however, is inherently energy-intensive, and evolutionary pressures have shaped mechanisms that optimize both computational performance and energy efficiency in the human…
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Artikel Jurnal
AMPA receptors in the evolving synapse: structure, function, and disease implications
Synapses, once considered static conduits for neuronal signals, are now recognized as dynamic, multifunctional structures critical to brain function, plasticity, and disease. This evolving understanding has highlighted the tripartite nature of synapses, including pre-synaptic terminals…
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Exploring the singularity of human neurons: keep calm and carry on
The human brain’s increased cognitive abilities are underpinned by evolutionary adaptations at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels of neural structures. This perspective explores how protracted neuronal development and divergent cell intrinsic neuronal properties, including neuronal…
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Opposite serotonergic modulation of sharp waves in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus
Serotonin plays a crucial role in regulating hippocampal network dynamics, however, its effects on sharp wave–ripples (SPWs), a pattern fundamental for memory consolidation and emotional processing, remain incompletely understood, particularly along the dorsoventral axis. Using hippocampal slices…
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GABAB receptors negatively modulate excitatory plasticity at the mossy fiber synapse onto parvalbumin-expressing basket and axo-axonic cells in the dentate gyrus
IntroductionGABAB receptors (GABABRs) are important modulators of neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and plasticity in principal cells (PCs). While at the cellular level they can inhibit synaptic transmission directly, at the network level, due to a net disinhibitory effect, they promote…
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Is it possible to prevent excessive synaptic pruning in schizophrenia? Possibilities and limitations
BackgroundSynaptic pruning is a critical neurodevelopmental process that eliminates redundant or weak synaptic connections to optimize brain circuitry. In schizophrenia, converging evidence from imaging, genetic, and postmortem studies suggests that this process is pathologically accelerated…
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A novel peptide inhibitor of TRPM2 channels improves recovery of memory function following traumatic brain injury
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in adults and can lead to long-term disability, including cognitive and motor deficits. Despite advances in research, there are currently no pharmacological interventions to improve outcomes after TBI. Studies suggest that…
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Postsynaptic spiking determines anti-Hebbian LTD in visual cortex basket cells
Long-term plasticity at pyramidal cell to basket cell (PC → BC) synapses is important for the functioning of cortical microcircuits. It is well known that at neocortical PC → PC synapses, dendritic calcium (Ca2+) dynamics signal coincident pre-and postsynaptic spiking which in turn triggers…