567 hasil
Menampilkan 461–480 · 4,85 detik · RSS
-
Artikel Jurnal
Oxotremorine treatment reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR T+ tf/J mice
Repetitive behaviors with restricted interests is one of the core criteria for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current pharmacotherapies that target the dopaminergic or serotonergic systems have limited effectiveness in treating repetitive behaviors. Previous research has…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors modulate inhibitory synaptic rhythms in hippocampus and neocortex
Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs) powerfully affects many neuronal properties as well as numerous cognitive behaviors. Small neuronal circuits constitute an intermediate level of organization between neurons and behaviors, and mAChRs affect interactions among cells…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Enhanced Synaptic Transmission at the Squid Giant Synapse by Artificial Seawater Based on Physically Modified Saline
Superfusion of the squid giant synapse with artificial seawater (ASW) based on isotonic saline containing oxygen nanobubbles (RNS60 ASW) generates an enhancement of synaptic transmission. This was determined by examining the postsynaptic response to single and repetitive presynaptic spike…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Synaptic and Nonsynaptic Plasticity Approximating Probabilistic Inference
The brain stores and retrieves information by initiating cascades of molecular changes that lead to a diverse repertoire of dynamical phenomena at higher levels of processing. Hebbian plasticity, neuromodulation, and homeostatic synaptic and intrinsic excitability all conspire to form and maintain…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Juvenile methylphenidate reduces prefrontal cortex plasticity via D3 receptor and BDNF in adulthood
Background: Early drug intervention in childhood disorders aims to maximize individual potential in the short- and long-term. Consistently, juvenile exposure to psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), reduces risk for substance use in animals and sub-populations of individuals with…
-
Artikel Jurnal
D-amino acid oxidase is expressed in the ventral tegmental area and modulates cortical dopamine
D-amino acid oxidase (DAO, DAAO) degrades the NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine, modulating D-serine levels and thence NMDA receptor function. DAO inhibitors are under development as a therapy for schizophrenia, a disorder involving both NMDA receptor and dopaminergic dysfunction. However, a direct…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Striatal cholinergic interneuron regulation and circuit effects
The striatum plays a central role in motor control and motor learning. Appropriate responses to environmental stimuli, including pursuit of reward or avoidance of aversive experience all require functional striatal circuits. These pathways integrate synaptic inputs from limbic and cortical regions…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Illuminating the role of cholinergic signaling in circuits of attention and emotionally salient behaviors
Acetylcholine (ACh) signaling underlies specific aspects of cognitive functions and behaviors, including attention, learning, memory and motivation. Alterations in ACh signaling are involved in the pathophysiology of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. In the central nervous system, ACh…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Cocaine Inhibition of Nicotinic Acetylcholine ReceptorsInfluences Dopamine Release
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) potently regulate dopamine (DA) release in the striatum and alter cocaine’s ability to reinforce behaviors. Since cocaine is a weak nAChR inhibitor, we hypothesized that cocaine may alter DA release by inhibiting the nAChRs in DA terminals in the striatum…
-
Artikel Jurnal
BDNF enhances spontaneous and activity-dependent neurotransmitter release at excitatory terminals but not at inhibitory terminals in hippocampal neurons
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely reported to enhance synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. But it is still unclear whether BDNF enhances SV recycling at excitatory terminals only, or at both excitatory and inhibitory terminals. In the present study, in a…
-
Artikel Jurnal
The interplay of plasticity and adaptation in neural circuits: a generative model
Multiple neural and synaptic phenomena take place in the brain. They operate over a broad range of timescales, and the consequences of their interplay are still unclear. In this work, I study a computational model of a recurrent neural network in which two dynamic processes take place: sensory…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Postsynaptic localization of PSD-95 is regulated by all three pathways downstream of TrkB signaling
BDNF and its receptor TrkB regulate synaptic plasticity. TrkB triggers three downstream signaling pathways; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Phospholipase Cγ (PLC γ) and Mitogen activated protein kinases/ Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK). We previously showed two distinct…
-
Artikel Jurnal
The role of D-serine and glycine as co-agonists of NMDA receptors in motor neurone degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
The fundamental role of D-serine as a co-agonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), mediating both physiological actions of glutamate in long term potentiation and nociception and also pathological effects mediated by excitotoxicty, are well established. More recently, a direct link to a…
-
Artikel Jurnal
The role of D-serine as co-agonist of NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens: relevance to cocaine addiction
Cocaine addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use despite adverse consequences and high rate of relapse during periods of abstinence. Increasing consensus suggests that addiction to drugs of abuse usurps learning and memory mechanisms normally related to natural rewards, ultimately…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Re-encoding of Associations by Recurrent Plasticity Increases Memory Capacity
Recurrent networks have been proposed as a model of associative memory. In such models, memory items are stored in the strength of connections between neurons. These modifiable connections or synapses constitute a shared resource among all stored memories, limiting the capacity of the network…
-
Artikel Jurnal
The BDNF effects on dendritic spines of mature hippocampal neurons depend on neuronal activity
The fine tuning of neural networks during development and learning relies upon both functional and structural plastic processes. Changes in the number as well as in the size and shape of dendritic spines are associated to long-term activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. However, the molecular…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Paying attention to smell: Cholinergic signaling in the olfactory bulb.
The tractable, layered architecture of the olfactory bulb (OB), and its function as a relay between odor input and higher cortical processing, makes it an attractive model to study how sensory information is processed at a synaptic and circuit level. The OB is also the recipient of strong…
-
Artikel Jurnal
A unifying theory of synaptic long-term plasticity based on a sparse distribution of synaptic strength
Long-term synaptic plasticity is fundamental to learning and network function. It has been studied under various induction protocols and depends on firing rates, membrane voltage, and precise timing of action potentials.These protocols show different facets of a common underlying mechanism but they…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Acetylcholine release and inhibitory interneuron activity in hippocampal CA1
Acetylcholine release in the central nervous system (CNS) has an important role in attention, recall and memory formation. One region influenced by acetylcholine is the hippocampus, which receives inputs from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca complex (MS/DBB). Release of acetylcholine…
-
Artikel Jurnal
Dendritic inhibition mediated by O-LM and bistratified interneurons in the hippocampus
In the CA1 region of the hippocampus pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons form local microcircuits. The CA1 interneurons are a diverse group consisting of many subtypes, some of which provide compartment-specific inhibition specifically onto pyramidal neuron dendrites. In fact, the majority…