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Artikel Jurnal
Alzheimer’s disease as a synaptopathy: Evidence for dysfunction of synapses during disease progression
The synapse has consistently been considered a vulnerable and critical target within Alzheimer’s disease, and synapse loss is, to date, one of the main biological correlates of cognitive decline within Alzheimer’s disease. This occurs prior to neuronal loss with ample evidence that synaptic…
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Artikel Jurnal
Synaptic plasticity through a naturalistic lens
From the myriad of studies on neuronal plasticity, investigating its underlying molecular mechanisms up to its behavioral relevance, a very complex landscape has emerged. Recent efforts have been achieved toward more naturalistic investigations as an attempt to better capture the synaptic…
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Artikel Jurnal
Synaptic alterations and neuronal firing in human epileptic neocortical excitatory networks
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological condition, with underlying neuronal mechanisms involving hyperexcitability and hypersynchrony. Imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits, as well as histological reorganization are relatively well-documented in animal models or even in the human…
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Artikel Jurnal
Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Alterations of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Neuronal Activity in the Mouse Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
Blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mbTBI) is the most common cause of TBI in US service members and veterans. Those exposed to TBI are at greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders, and substance use…
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Artikel Jurnal
Multiple Roles of Actin in Exo- and Endocytosis
Cytoskeletal filamentous actin (F-actin) has long been considered a molecule that may regulate exo- and endocytosis. However, its exact roles remained elusive. Recent studies shed new light on many crucial roles of F-actin in regulating exo- and endocytosis. Here, this progress is reviewed from…
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Artikel Jurnal
The Synaptic Extracellular Matrix: Long-Lived, Stable, and Still Remarkably Dynamic
In the adult brain, synapses are tightly enwrapped by lattices of the extracellular matrix that consist of extremely long-lived molecules. These lattices are deemed to stabilize synapses, restrict the reorganization of their transmission machinery, and prevent them from undergoing structural or…
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Artikel Jurnal
Spindle-Shaped Neurons in the Human Posteromedial (Precuneus) Cortex
The human posteromedial cortex (PMC), which includes the precuneus (PC), represents a multimodal brain area implicated in emotion, conscious awareness, spatial cognition, and social behavior. Here, we describe the presence of Nissl-stained elongated spindle-shaped neurons (suggestive of von Economo…
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Artikel Jurnal
Towards a Comprehensive Optical Connectome at Single Synapse Resolution via Expansion Microscopy
Mapping and determining the molecular identity of individual synapses is a crucial step towards the comprehensive reconstruction of neuronal circuits. Throughout the history of neuroscience, microscopy has been a key technology for mapping brain circuits. However, subdiffraction size and high…
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Artikel Jurnal
Hypothesis Relating the Structure, Biochemistry and Function of Active Zone Material Macromolecules at a Neuromuscular Junction
This report integrates knowledge of in situ macromolecular structures and synaptic protein biochemistry to propose a unified hypothesis for the regulation of certain vesicle trafficking events (i.e., docking, priming, Ca2+-triggering, and membrane fusion) that lead to neurotransmitter secretion…
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Artikel Jurnal
The biological alterations of synapse/synapse formation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication caused by sepsis, and is responsible for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Neurological dysfunction is one of the main manifestations of SAE patients. Patients may still have long-term cognitive impairment after…
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Artikel Jurnal
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine Attenuated Neuropathic Pain Related Behaviors via STING Pathway to Induce ER-Phagy
Our previous work indicated that ER-phagy level had altered in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats. In this study, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine or ketamine exhibits anti-anxiety or anti-nociceptive effects via modulation of the spinal STING/TBK pathway to alter ER-phagy in SNL rats. We…
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Artikel Jurnal
High-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging Combined With Computer Simulations to Quantitate Surface Dynamics and Nanoscale Organization of Neuroligin-1 at Synapses
Neuroligins (NLGNs) form a family of cell adhesion molecules implicated in synapse development, but the mechanisms that retain these proteins at synapses are still incompletely understood. Recent studies indicate that surface-associated NLGN1 is diffusionally trapped at synapses, where it interacts…
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Artikel Jurnal
Identification of Synaptic DGKθ Interactors That Stimulate DGKθ Activity
Lipids and their metabolic enzymes are a critical point of regulation for the membrane curvature required to induce membrane fusion during synaptic vesicle recycling. One such enzyme is diacylglycerol kinase θ (DGKθ), which produces phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) that generates negative membrane…
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Artikel Jurnal
(M)Unc13s in Active Zone Diversity: A Drosophila Perspective
The so-called active zones at pre-synaptic terminals are the ultimate filtering devices, which couple between action potential frequency and shape, and the information transferred to the post-synaptic neurons, finally tuning behaviors. Within active zones, the release of the synaptic vesicle…
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Artikel Jurnal
Transsynaptic Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus of Behaving Mice
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an experimental procedure that shares certain mechanisms with neuronal learning and memory processes and represents a well-known example of synaptic plasticity. LTP consists of an increase of the synaptic response to a control stimulus following the presentation of a…
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Artikel Jurnal
Mechanisms Underlying Mu Opioid Receptor Effects on Parallel Fiber-Purkinje Cell Synaptic Transmission in Mouse Cerebellar Cortex
μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are widely expressed in the brain, varying in density in different areas. Activation of MORs underlies analgesia, euphoria, but may lead to tolerance, dependence, and ultimately opioid addiction. The Purkinje cell (PC) is the only efferent neuron in the cerebellar cortex…
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Artikel Jurnal
Different Synaptic Plasticity After Physiological and Psychological Stress in the Anterior Insular Cortex in an Observational Fear Mouse Model
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be triggered not only in people who have personally experienced traumatic events but also in those who witness them. Physiological and psychological stress can have different effects on neural activity, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms…
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Artikel Jurnal
Cellular Strategies for Frequency-Dependent Computation of Interaural Time Difference
Binaural coincidence detection is the initial step in encoding interaural time differences (ITDs) for sound-source localization. In birds, neurons in the nucleus laminaris (NL) play a central role in this process. These neurons receive excitatory synaptic inputs on dendrites from both sides of the…