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Artikel Jurnal
Selective Recruitment of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Forms of mGluR-LTD
In area CA1 of the hippocampus, long-term depression (LTD) can be induced by activating group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), with the selective agonist DHPG. There is evidence that mGluR-LTD can be expressed by either a decrease in the probability of neurotransmitter release [P(r)] or…
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Artikel Jurnal
Correlative Assembly of Subsynaptic Nanoscale Organizations During Development
Nanoscale organization of presynaptic proteins determines the sites of transmitter release, and its alignment with assemblies of postsynaptic receptors through nanocolumns is suggested to optimize the efficiency of synaptic transmission. However, it remains unknown how these nano-organizations are…
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Artikel Jurnal
The Yin and Yang of GABAergic and Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity: Opposites in Balance by Crosstalking Mechanisms
Synaptic plasticity is a critical process that regulates neuronal activity by allowing neurons to adjust their synaptic strength in response to changes in activity. Despite the high proximity of excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic postsynaptic zones and their functional integration…
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Artikel Jurnal
Cellular basis of learning and memory in the carotid body
The carotid body is the primary peripheral chemoreceptor in the body, and critical for respiration and cardiovascular adjustments during hypoxia. Yet considerable evidence now implicates the carotid body as a multimodal sensor, mediating the chemoreflexes of a wide range of physiological responses…
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Artikel Jurnal
Healthy cardiac myocytes can decrease sympathetic hyperexcitability in the early stages of hypertension
Sympathetic neurons are powerful drivers of cardiac excitability. In the early stages of hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity is underpinned by down regulation of M current and increased activity of Cav2.2 that is associated with greater intracellular calcium transients and enhanced…
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Artikel Jurnal
Dentate Granule Cells Are Hyperexcitable in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease
The dentate gyrus is both a critical gatekeeper for hippocampal signal processing and one of the first brain regions to become dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, the appropriate balance of excitation and inhibition through the dentate is a compelling target for mechanistic…
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Artikel Jurnal
Selective Enrichment of Munc13-2 in Presynaptic Active Zones of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells That Innervate mGluR1α Expressing Interneurons
Selective distribution of proteins in presynaptic active zones (AZs) is a prerequisite for generating postsynaptic target cell type-specific differences in presynaptic vesicle release probability (Pv) and short-term plasticity, a characteristic feature of cortical pyramidal cells (PCs). In the…
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Artikel Jurnal
Neocortical layer 5 subclasses: From cellular properties to roles in behavior
Layer 5 (L5) serves as the main output layer of cortical structures, where long-range projecting pyramidal neurons broadcast the columnar output to other cortical and extracortical regions of the brain. L5 pyramidal neurons are grouped into two subclasses based on their projection targets; while…
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Artikel Jurnal
SHANK3 Antibody Validation: Differential Performance in Western Blotting, Immunocyto- and Immunohistochemistry
SHANK3 is a scaffolding protein implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Its function at excitatory glutamatergic synapses has been studied for the last two decades, however, tissue-specific expression patterns as well as its subcellular localization need to be studied in further detail…
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Artikel Jurnal
Unraveling Functional Diversity of Cortical Synaptic Architecture Through the Lens of Population Coding
The synaptic inputs to single cortical neurons exhibit substantial diversity in their sensory-driven activity. What this diversity reflects is unclear, and appears counter-productive in generating selective somatic responses to specific stimuli. One possibility is that this diversity reflects the…
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Artikel Jurnal
Chemical Imaging and Analysis of Single Nerve Cells by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Cellular Electrochemistry
A nerve cell is a unit of neuronal communication in the nervous system and is a heterogeneous molecular structure, which is highly mediated to accommodate cellular functions. Understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms of neural communication at the single cell level requires analytical…
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Artikel Jurnal
Glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide hormones and novel receptor agonists protect synapses in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are peptide hormones and growth factors. A major pathological feature of both Alzheimer’s dis-ease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the loss of synaptic transmission in the cortex in AD and the loss of…
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Artikel Jurnal
Assessment of cardiac function in rat endovascular perforation model of subarachnoid hemorrhage; A model of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cardiac dysfunction
Although the association between cardiac dysfunction and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been recognized, its precise underlying mechanism remains unknown. Furthermore, no suitable animal models are available to study this association. Here, we established an appropriate animal model of…
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Artikel Jurnal
Dynamics of Neuromuscular Transmission Reproduced by Calcium-Dependent and Reversible Serial Transitions in the Vesicle Fusion Complex
Neuromuscular transmission, from spontaneous release to facilitation and depression, was accurately reproduced by a mechanistic kinetic model of sequential maturation transitions in the molecular fusion complex. The model incorporates three predictions. First, calcium-dependent forward transitions…
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Artikel Jurnal
Five Hours Total Sleep Deprivation Does Not Affect CA1 Dendritic Length or Spine Density
Sleep is essential for long term memory function. However, the neuroanatomical consequences of sleep loss are disputed. Sleep deprivation has been reported to cause both decreases and increases of dendritic spine density. Here we use Thy1-GFP expressing transgenic mice to investigate the effects of…
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Artikel Jurnal
Hearing Loss Increases Inhibitory Effects of Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation on Sound Evoked Activity in Medial Geniculate Nucleus
Sensory gating is the process whereby irrelevant sensory stimuli are inhibited on their way to higher cortical areas, allowing for focus on salient information. Sensory gating circuitry includes the thalamus as well as several cortical regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Defective…
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Artikel Jurnal
Palmitoylation of A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 modulates its nanoscale organization, trafficking, and mobility in postsynaptic spines
A-kinase anchoring protein 79-human/150-rodent (AKAP79/150) organizes signaling proteins to control synaptic plasticity. AKAP79/150 associates with the plasma membrane and endosomes through its N-terminal domain that contains three polybasic regions and two Cys residues that are reversibly…
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Artikel Jurnal
Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and the Endolysosomal System: A Reappraisal of Form and Function
The endolysosomal system is present in all cell types. Within these cells, it performs a series of essential roles, such as trafficking and sorting of membrane cargo, intracellular signaling, control of metabolism and degradation. A specific compartment within central neurons, called the…
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Artikel Jurnal
Organization of Presynaptic Autophagy-Related Processes
Brain synapses pose special challenges on the quality control of their protein machineries as they are far away from the neuronal soma, display a high potential for plastic adaptation and have a high energy demand to fulfill their physiological tasks. This applies in particular to the presynaptic…