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Development and external validation of a machine learning-based model for identifying advanced Parkinson’s disease
BackgroundIdentifying patients with advanced stage in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is crucial for timely therapeutic intervention, yet current tools rely on subjective clinical scales or expensive biomarkers. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model based on routine blood biomarkers selected…
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Engram cell vulnerability in neurodegeneration: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic horizons
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) share progressive memory impairment, yet their upstream pathologies differ. This review synthesizes evidence across these disorders to frame memory decline through engram ensembles…
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Multidimensional iron dysmetabolism and gut-brain axis interactions in restless legs syndrome: from peripheral deficiency to central dysregulation
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the lower limbs. Although traditional paradigms attribute its pathogenesis to peripheral iron deficiency, many clinically diagnosed patients present with normal peripheral iron…
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Data-driven subtyping of Parkinson’s disease using MRI: current insights, challenges, and future directions
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder marked by diverse motor and non-motor symptom profiles. Traditional symptom-based subtyping shows limited stability and lacks clear biological grounding. Integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with machine learning (ML)…
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Aging on the road: neural and behavioral correlates of cognitive control during distracted driving
ObjectiveAging increases crash risk through failures to prioritize safety-critical actions amid competing information. The neural basis of adaptive cognitive control under these demands remains insufficiently understood.MethodsThis study examined age effects on braking prioritization in 44 drivers…
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Association between physical activity and incident dementia among individuals with hypertension
ObjectivesEvidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and incident dementia among individuals with hypertension remains limited. This study examined the associations between different PA types and intensities and dementia risk in this population.MethodsData from questionnaire-based…
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Association between minimum nocturnal heart rate and cerebral small vessel disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been implicated in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) through mechanisms involving intermittent hypoxia, autonomic imbalance, and metabolic dysregulation, but the pathways remain insufficiently elucidated. This retrospective observational study sought…
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Statin use and all-cause mortality in critically ill ischemic stroke patients: a time-dependent Cox analysis with external validation highlighting enhanced survival benefits in dementia subgroups
IntroductionIschemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability, but the effect of statins on survival in critically ill patients, especially those with dementia, remains unclear.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 1,964 patients from MIMIC-IV and validated findings in 4,255…
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Longitudinal patterns of regional cerebral blood flow during anti-amyloid therapy in mild cognitive impairment: a pilot ASL MRI case series
IntroductionThe neurovascular effects of anti-amyloid therapy remain incompletely understood. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI enables non-invasive quantification of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and may provide insight into perfusion patterns observed over the treatment period.MethodsThis…
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Long-term risk of incident dementia following documented COVID-19 among older adults with type 2 diabetes: a propensity score-matched cohort study
BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established risk factor for dementia, and COVID-19 has been associated with persistent neurological and cognitive sequelae. However, whether this association extends beyond the early post-infection period among older adults with T2DM—a population…
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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts early cognitive decline associated with tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease: a longitudinal study of the ADNI cohort
BackgroundNeuroinflammation is a key driver of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily accessible peripheral inflammatory marker, yet its longitudinal association with domain-specific cognitive decline and the underlying neuropathological mechanisms…
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TREM2-directed therapy in Alzheimer’s disease: from therapeutic window to clinical translation
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and a sustained neuroimmune response. Among immune-related targets, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is of particular interest because it is supported by human…
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Tau-induced increase in promoter-proximal RNA polymerase II pausing is linked to suppressed expression of long neuronal genes in a Drosophila tauopathy model
Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease, are age-related neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal phosphorylation and buildup of microtubule-associated protein tau. Gene expression dysregulation is a key molecular feature of tauopathies, but how aging and disease interact to disrupt…
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Longitudinal associations of rest-activity rhythms with executive function, plasma biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in older adults
IntroductionDaily patterns of activity, rest, and sleep, referred to as rest–activity rhythms (RARs), can be characterized by their day-to-day regularity, within-day fragmentation, and contrast between active and rest periods across the 24-h cycle. Disruptions (e.g., irregular schedules, fragmented…
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Gait performance in cerebral small vessel disease: associations with cognitive and oculomotor function and exploratory mediation analyses
BackgroundGait impairment in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is heterogeneous and may not be fully explained by conventional structural MRI markers. We investigated the associations of neuroimaging burden, cognitive function, and oculomotor function with gait performance in CSVD and explored…
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Artificial intelligence for white matter hyperintensity segmentation: performance, determinants, and clinical implications
ObjectiveWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are key neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease, associated with cognitive decline and stroke risk. Accurate quantification is essential yet manual segmentation is time-consuming and variable. We systematically evaluated AI performance for…
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Hybrid multimodal late fusion frameworks for bvFTD classification in imbalanced dementia datasets
BackgroundBehavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive changes in personality and behavior. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely used to detect and assess structural brain alterations associated with the disease…
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MIL-O-PD: a two-stage multiple instance learning and heuristic optimization framework for unpaired multimodal Parkinson's diagnosis
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neuro-degenerative disorder. Recent studies have used non-invasive biomarkers such as electroencephalography (EEG) and speech signals for PD diagnosis. However, majority of them optimize models at the instance level, whereas clinical diagnosis is a subject-level…
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Artikel Jurnal
Functional brain network connectivity patterns associated with midlife metabolic syndrome and cognitive vulnerabilities
ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) may amplify neural vulnerability via vascular and inflammatory pathways. Existing literature suggests there are alterations to functional brain network organization in adults with MetS, though the specific patterns and their relation to cognitive vulnerabilities…
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