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Evaluating Computerised Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI) for identifying autism-specific difficulties not observed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or neurotypical development
BACKGROUND: Reliable and specific biomarkers that can distinguish autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) from commonly co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are lacking, causing misses and delays in diagnosis, and reducing access to interventions and quality of life. AIMS: To…
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Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort
OBJECTIVE. To identify clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality, with a focus on opportunistic infections (OIs), in patients with advanced HIV in Brazil. METHODS. A prospective cohort study was conducted in five Brazilian tertiary hospitals, including 419 adults with…
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Validity and reliability of the Sickle Cell Self-efficacy Scale in an online, anonymous sample of adults living with Sickle Cell Disease
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To examine the psychometric properties of the Sickle Cell Self-efficacy Scale (SCSES) in an anonymous, online cohort of adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). METHODS: The SCSES was completed by 60 adults with SCD. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Convergent and…
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Firearm-related threats before migrating to the USA from Latin America and the Caribbean
BACKGROUND: Every year, thousands of people from Latin America and the Caribbean are migrating to the United States. Policymakers have argued that U.S. firearms are fueling violence in these countries and are contributing to migration. The objective of this article is to examine the proportion of…
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Mental Healthcare Quality Across the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural versus Urban Patients
This study reports on the quality of mental healthcare delivered to rural and urban Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients across COVID-19 pandemic. This is a retrospective study using VA medical records between 3/10/2019 and 9/22/2022. This study divided the COVID-19 pandemic into Eras based…
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Effects of freebase/protonated nicotine concentration, liquid composition, and electrical power on throat hit in direct-to-lung vaping: theory and clinical measurements
BACKGROUND -: For decades, the tobacco industry has engineered the sensory characteristics of combustible tobacco products including the degree of harshness experienced at the back of the throat. Commonly referred to as “throat hit,” this harshness derives from absorption of gas-phase nicotine and…
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Effect of Packaging with vs. without Candy-Oriented Marketing Themes on the Appeal and Sensory Attributes of Flavored E-Cigarettes
SIGNIFICANCE: E-cigarettes with candy-themed marketing are implicated in decisions to first try e-cigarettes but have unknown effects on the experience of vaping. We compared adults’ perceived appeal and sensory attributes after self-administering flavored e-cigarettes in experimentally manipulated…
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Associations between hospital nursing resources and breastfeeding outcomes: a narrative review
PURPOSE: To summarize how nursing resources and missed nursing care are associated with hospital breastfeeding outcomes, including human milk provision. BACKGROUND: Nurses are the primary providers of breastfeeding support in the hospital. Nursing resources, e.g., staffing and the work environment…
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Continuum of health equity practice and science: conceptualising health equity research and practice for injury prevention
BACKGROUND: Integrating and advancing health equity are a core tenant of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s mission. Comprehensive frameworks that clearly conceptualise equity are needed to prioritise and inform the advancement of health equity within public health. METHODS: To help…
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Ultrasound Displacement Tracking Techniques for Post-Stroke Myofascial Shear Strain Quantification
Ultrasound shear strain is a potential biomarker of myofascial dysfunction. However, the quality of estimated shear strains can be impacted by differences in ultrasound displacement tracking techniques, potentially altering clinical conclusions surrounding myofascial pain. This work assesses the…
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Factors Affecting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Events in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
BACKGROUND. Persons with HIV face increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), partially mitigated by statin therapy. METHODS. We characterized factors associated with MACE and MACE subcomponents among PWH enrolled in REPRIEVE, globally. Our primary outcome measure was…
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The Role of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Neural Differentiation of Memories in the Hippocampus
When faced with a familiar situation, we can use memory to make predictions about what will happen next. If such predictions turn out to be erroneous, the brain can adapt by differentiating the representations of the cue from the mispredicted item itself, reducing the likelihood of future…
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A Multimodal Ultrasound-Driven Approach for Automated Tumor Assessment with B-Mode and Multi-Frequency Harmonic Motion Images
OBJECTIVE: Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) is an ultrasound elasticity imaging method that measures the mechanical properties of tissue using amplitude-modulated acoustic radiation force (AM-ARF). Multi-frequency HMI (MF-HMI) excites tissue at various AM frequencies simultaneously, allowing for image…
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CRISPR Screen Identifies HDAC3 as a Novel Radiosensitizing Target in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy, with most patients presenting with prognostically poor extensive-stage disease. Limited progress in standard care stresses the urgent need for novel therapies. Radiotherapy offers some survival benefit for selected SCLC patients but could…
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Performance of an Automated Sleep Scoring Approach for Actigraphy Data in Children and Adolescents
STUDY OBJECTIVES: GGIR is an R package for processing raw acceleration data to estimate sleep health parameters. We aimed to 1) assess the performance of three sleep algorithms within GGIR against PSG for detecting sleep/wake in clinically referred, typically-developing children (criterion…
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Targeting the ERα DBD-LBD interface with mitoxantrone disrupts receptor function through proteasomal degradation
The estrogen receptor (ER or ERα) remains the primary therapeutic target for luminal breast cancer, with current treatments centered on competitive antagonists, receptor down-regulators, and aromatase inhibitors. Despite these options, resistance frequently emerges, highlighting the need for…
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Was it Worth It? Response Data from >650 United States and International Participants in Chemoprevention Trials
The aim was to assess whether subject’s participation in early-phase chemoprevention trials was satisfactory and to identify features associated with subjects’ satisfaction. Thirteen trials that investigated a range of candidate agents from 2006–2021 by the Cancer Prevention Network were included…
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Win ratio aligns with and enhances interpretation of REPRIEVE’s primary findings
We performed a win ratio (WR) analysis of REPRIEVE, a randomized trial of pitavastatin vs placebo for CVD in people with HIV, to assess robustness to event severity. WR aligns with primary findings, and provides insight into pitavastatin protections: persistent advantage over placebo on CV Death…
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An Autochthonous Model of Lung Cancer Identifies Requirements for Cellular Transformation in the Naked Mole-Rat
There is growing interest in understanding the mechanisms underlying differences in cancer incidence among species (comparative oncology). The naked mole-rat (NMR) is often referenced as “cancer-resistant” and prior studies focused on identifying mechanisms explaining this. However, efforts to…
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Path to parenthood for medical residents and fellows: the impact of leave policies on parent trainees at Oregon Health and Science University
BACKGROUND: Residents and fellows in graduate medical education (GME) programs across the USA often complete training during childbearing years, presenting challenges for pregnant and parenting trainees balancing work and family. Institutional policies must better support these trainees. Previous…
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