36 hasil untuk "Francisca Mutapi"
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics of praziquantel: A review of variable drug exposure during schistosomiasis treatment in human hosts and experimental models
Schistosomiasis control is heavily reliant on the drug praziquantel (PZQ), which is used as preventive chemotherapy as part of national helminth control strategies. Given the heavy reliance on PZQ for mass drug administration, there has been considerable research on the potential of parasites…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
The human immunome in the post-schistosomiasis mass drug administration era
Helminths have co-evolved with humans and developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the host immune system, allowing them to persist for years. During chronic disease, helminths typically shift immune responses toward a Th2 profile—supporting antibody production and tissue repair—while…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Unlocking the blueprint to eliminating neglected tropical diseases: A review of efforts in 50 countries that have eliminated at least 1 NTD
Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of 21 diseases affecting approximately 1.5 billion people globally. Significant progress has been made in their control: by March 2024, 50 countries had eliminated at least one NTD, with 13 of these countries eliminating at least two. Togo…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Coinfections and comorbidities in African health systems: At the interface of infectious and noninfectious diseases
There is a disease epidemiological transition occurring in Africa, with increasing incidence of noninfectious diseases, superimposed on a health system historically geared more toward the management of communicable diseases. The persistence and sometimes emergence of new pathogens allows for the…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Paediatric schistosomiasis: What we know and what we need to know
Schistosomiasis affects over 200 million people worldwide, most of whom are children. Research and control strategies directed at preschool-aged children (PSAC), i.e., ≤5 years old, have lagged behind those in older children and adults. With the recent WHO revision of the schistosomiasis treatment…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Regulatory and Activated T Cells in Human Schistosoma haematobium Infections
Acquired immunity against helminths is characterised by a complex interplay between the effector Th1 and Th2 immune responses and it slowly manifests with age as a result of cumulative exposure to parasite antigens. Data from experimental models suggest that immunity is also influenced by…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Efficacy of praziquantel has been maintained over four decades (from 1977 to 2018): A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors influence its efficacy
Background: The antihelminthic drug praziquantel has been used as the drug of choice for treating schistosome infection for more than 40 years. Although some epidemiological studies have reported low praziquantel efficacy in cure rate (CR) and/or egg reduction rate (ERR), there is no consistent…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Identifying hotspots of S. haematobium infection following praziquantel treatment during multiple annual mass drug administration campaigns in Zimbabwe
Urogenital schistosomiasis is contracted from the Schistosoma haematobium parasite and is treated with the drug praziquantel (PZQ). Despite MDA interventions, persistent hotspots (PHS) of S. haematobium infection have been identified in multiple schistosome endemic African countries but have yet to…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Explaining Observed Infection and Antibody Age-Profiles in Populations with Urogenital Schistosomiasis
Urogenital schistosomiasis is a tropical disease infecting more than 100 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals in endemic areas endure repeated infections with long-lived schistosome worms, and also encounter larval and egg stages of the life cycle. Protective immunity against infection…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Positive impact of preventative chemotherapy during a national helminth control program: Perception and KAP
Helminth control at the national level is currently based on mass drug administration (MDA) programs. Perception of the MDA programs for helminth control by the affected populations influences compliance and future designs of the programs. We determined the perception of Zimbabwe’s National…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Identifying gaps in the care and management of NTD morbidity, disability and disfigurement in Africa
Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect about 1.7 billion people worldwide, with the highest burden in sub-Saharan Africa. While global initiatives have reduced infection prevalence, the chronic impacts of NTDs, including morbidity, disability, and disfigurement, remain severely…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Proportions Are Diminished in Young Helminth Infected Children and Restored by Curative Anti-helminthic Treatment
Background: Group 2 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are innate cells that produce the TH2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. The importance of these cells has recently been demonstrated in experimental models of parasitic diseases but there is a paucity of data on ILC2s in the context of human parasitic…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Identifying and Evaluating Field Indicators of Urogenital Schistosomiasis-Related Morbidity in Preschool-Aged Children
Background: Several studies have been conducted quantifying the impact of schistosome infections on health and development in school-aged children. In contrast, relatively little is known about morbidity levels in preschool-aged children (≤5 years) who have been neglected in terms of schistosome…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Frequency distribution of cytokine and associated transcription factor single nucleotide polymorphisms in Zimbabweans: Impact on schistosome infection and cytokine levels
Cytokines mediate T-helper (TH) responses that are crucial for determining the course of infection and disease. The expression of cytokines is regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Here we present the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine and TF genes in a Zimbabwean…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Schistosoma haematobium Treatment in 1–5 Year Old Children: Safety and Efficacy of the Antihelminthic Drug Praziquantel
Background: Morbidity due to schistosomiasis is currently controlled by treatment of schistosome infected people with the antihelminthic drug praziquantel (PZQ). Children aged up to 5 years are currently excluded from schistosome control programmes largely due to the lack of PZQ safety data in this…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Predicted Impact of Mass Drug Administration on the Development of Protective Immunity against Schistosoma haematobium
Previous studies suggest that protective immunity against Schistosoma haematobium is primarily stimulated by antigens from dying worms. Praziquantel treatment kills adult worms, boosting antigen exposure and protective antibody levels. Current schistosomiasis control efforts use repeated mass drug…
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Chronic Infection Drives Expression of the Inhibitory Receptor CD200R, and Its Ligand CD200, by Mouse and Human CD4 T Cells
Certain parasites have evolved to evade the immune response and establish chronic infections that may persist for many years. T cell responses in these conditions become muted despite ongoing infection. Upregulation of surface receptors with inhibitory properties provides an immune cell-intrinsic…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Schistosoma haematobium infection is associated with alterations in energy and purine-related metabolism in preschool-aged children
Helminths are parasitic worms that infect over a billion people worldwide. The pathological consequences from infection are due in part, to parasite-induced changes in host metabolic pathways. Here, we analyse the changes in host metabolic profiles, in response to the first Schistosoma haematobium…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Cytokine Responses to the Anti-schistosome Vaccine Candidate Antigen Glutathione-S-transferase Vary with Host Age and Are Boosted by Praziquantel Treatment
Background: Improved helminth control is required to alleviate the global burden of schistosomiasis and schistosome-associated pathologies. Current control efforts rely on the anti-helminthic drug praziquantel (PZQ), which enhances immune responses to crude schistosome antigens but does not prevent…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
CD16 Expression on Monocytes in Healthy Individuals but Not Schistosome-Infected Patients Is Positively Associated with Levels of Parasite-Specific IgG and IgG1
Human IgG1 antibody responses are associated with protection against Schistosoma haematobium infection and are now a target for schistosome vaccine development. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total IgG and the IgG subclasses and the monocyte IgG receptor, known as FcγRIIIa…