54 hasil untuk "Mathias Samuel"
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Stimulus uncertainty and insensitivity to pitch-change direction
In a series of experiments, Semal and Demany [(2006). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3907–3915] demonstrated that some normally hearing listeners are unable to determine the direction of small but detectable differences in frequency between pure tones. Unlike studies demonstrating similar effects in…
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Implicit Talker Training Improves Comprehension of Auditory Speech in Noise
Previous studies have shown that listeners are better able to understand speech when they are familiar with the talker’s voice. In most of these studies, talker familiarity was ensured by explicit voice training; that is, listeners learned to identify the familiar talkers. In the real world…
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On the utility of perceptual anchors during pure-tone frequency discrimination
Perceptual anchors are representations of stimulus features stored in long-term memory rather than short-term memory. The present study investigated whether listeners use perceptual anchors to improve pure-tone frequency discrimination. Ten amateur musicians performed a two-interval…
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Gradual decay and sudden death of short-term memory for pitch
The ability to discriminate frequency differences between pure tones declines as the duration of the interstimulus interval (ISI) increases. The conventional explanation for this finding is that pitch representations gradually decay from auditory short-term memory. Gradual decay means that internal…
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Experiences of piloting integrated bite case management in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria
BackgroundRabies remains a major public health risk in Africa and is estimated to cause over 1,600 deaths annually in Nigeria. Integrated Bite Case Management (IBCM) is recommended as a One Health approach for rabies surveillance but has yet to be implemented within Nigeria.MethodsOur aim was to…
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Perceptual organization and task demands jointly shape auditory working memory capacity
Listeners performed two different tasks in which they remembered short sequences comprising either complex tones (generally heard as one melody) or everyday sounds (generally heard as separate objects). In one, listeners judged whether a probe item had been present in the preceding sequence. In the…
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Model-free and model-based influences in addiction-related behaviors
BACKGROUND: Disruptions in the decision-making processes that guide action selection are a core feature of many psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Decision-making is influenced by the goal directed and habitual systems that can be computationally characterized using model-based and…
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T67. TRAUMA IN AFFECTIVE AND NONAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS: ASSOCIATIONS AND DISSOCIATIONS WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD
BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma and cognitive impairment are important risk factors for psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between trauma and psychosis throughout the lifespan, as well as between lifetime trauma and cognitive functioning, remain unclear. METHODS: Using data from a…
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Neurochemical and Behavioral Dissections of Decision-Making in a Rodent Multistage Task
Flexible decision-making in dynamic environments requires both retrospective appraisal of reinforced actions and prospective reasoning about the consequences of actions. These complementary reinforcement-learning systems can be characterized computationally with model-free and model-based…
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Specificity of Psychiatric Polygenic Risk Scores and Their Effects on Associated Risk Phenotypes
BACKGROUND: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are indices of genetic liability for illness, but their clinical utility for predicting risk for a specific psychiatric disorder is limited. Genetic overlap among disorders and their effects on allied phenotypes may be a possible explanation, but this has…
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Clinical Correlates of Subsyndromal Depression in African American Individuals with Psychosis: The Relationship with Positive Symptoms and Comorbid Substance Dependence
Patients with psychosis exhibit subsyndromal depressive symptoms during the course of illness and yet the clinical correlates of these symptoms remain under-investigated. We aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of subsyndromal depression in psychosis including the extent to which they…
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The Processing-Speed Impairment in Psychosis Is More Than Just Accelerated Aging
Processing speed is impaired in patients with psychosis, and deteriorates as a function of normal aging. These observations, in combination with other lines of research, suggest that psychosis may be a syndrome of accelerated aging. But do patients with psychosis perform poorly on tasks of…
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Deficits in visual working-memory capacity and general cognition in African Americans with psychosis
On average, patients with psychosis perform worse than controls on visual change-detection tasks, implying that psychosis is associated with reduced capacity of visual working memory (WM). In the present study, 79 patients diagnosed with various psychotic disorders and 166 controls, all African…
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Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium
Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever analysis of cerebral…
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Human Cortical Thickness Organized into Genetically-determined Communities across Spatial Resolutions
The cerebral cortex may be organized into anatomical genetic modules, communities of brain regions with shared genetic influences via pleiotropy. Such modules could represent novel phenotypes amenable to large-scale gene discovery. This modular structure was investigated with network analysis of in…
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A comprehensive tractography study of patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings
BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor imaging studies show reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings. However, the use of various analysis methods is an important source of between‐study heterogeneity. Using tract‐based spatial statistics, we…
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Serum phosphatidylinositol as a biomarker for bipolar disorder liability
OBJECTIVES: Individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) exhibit alterations in their phospholipid levels. It is unclear whether these alterations are a secondary consequence of illness state, or if phospholipids and illness risk overlap genetically. If the latter were true, then phospholipids might…
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Genetic influence on cognitive development between childhood and adulthood
Successful cognitive development between childhood and adulthood has important consequences for future mental and physical wellbeing, as well as occupational and financial success. Therefore, delineating the genetic influences underlying changes in cognitive abilities during this developmental…
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The Lipidome in Major Depressive Disorder: Shared Genetic Influence for Ether-Phosphatidylcholines, a Plasma-Based Phenotype Related to Inflammation, and Disease Risk
BACKGROUND: The lipidome is rapidly garnering interest in the field of psychiatry. Recent studies have implicated lipidomic changes across numerous psychiatric disorders. In particular there is growing evidence that the concentrations of several classes of lipids are altered in those diagnosed with…