62 hasil untuk "Rhind, Nicholas"
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Regulation of DNA replication by the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint
Abstract Cells slow replication in response to DNA damage. This slowing was the first DNA damage checkpoint response discovered and its study led to the discovery of the central checkpoint kinase, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM). Nonetheless, the manner by which the S-phase DNA damage…
Juga tersedia di: PubMed Central
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
The three most important things about origins: location, location, location
The reasons why some DNA replication origins fire earlier than others have remained elusive. New work by Gindin et al suggests that the distribution of replication origins, not their timing per se, is the major determinant of the timing of genome replication in human cells.
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DNA replication timing: random thoughts about origin firing
Regions of metazoan genomes replicate at defined times within S phase. This observation suggests that replication origins fire with a defined timing pattern that remains the same from cycle to cycle. However, an alterative model based on the stochastic firing of origins may also explain replication…
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Incorporation of Thymidine Analogs for Studying Replication Kinetics in Fission Yeast
SUMMARY: Labeling DNA during in vivo replication by the incorporation of exogenous thymidine and thymidine analogs has been a mainstay of DNA replication and repair studies for decades. Unfortunately, thymidine labeling does not work in fungi, because they lack the thymidine salvage pathway…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
An intrinsic checkpoint model for regulation of replication origins
A recent paper by Alvino et al., (MCB 2007; 27:6396) challenges the standard model of the DNA replication checkpoint. Their work shows that the checkpoint does not simply prevent late origins from firing in the presence of the nucleotide synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea; instead it delays origin…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Changing of the Guard: How ATM Hands Off DNA Double-Strand Break Signaling to ATR
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Incorporation of thymidine analogs for studying replication kinetics in fission yeast
Labeling DNA during in vivo replication by the incorporation of exogenous thymidine and thymidine analogs has been a mainstay of DNA replication and repair studies for decades. Unfortunately, thymidine labeling does not work in fungi, because they lack the thymidine salvage pathway required for up…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Primer: Cell-Size Control
A fundamental and still mysterious question in cell biology is “How do cells know how big they are?”. The fact that they do is evident from the tight size homeostasis that populations of cells maintain, and has been verified by a variety of creative experiments over the past 100 years. An…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
f = m*a: A Framework for Investigating the Regulation of Replication Timing
Stochastic models of replication timing posit that origin firing timing is regulated by origin firing probability, with early-firing origins having a high probability of firing and late-firing origins having a lower probability. However, they offer no insight into why one origin should have a…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Mapping Replication Forks, One Replicon at a Time
Claussin et al. (2022) present an elegant approach to replication fork mapping that combines single-molecule resolution with genome-wide coverage to provide unprecedented insight into the robust nature of DNA replication.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
DNA Replication Timing: Biochemical Mechanisms and Biological Significance
The regulation of DNA replication is a fascinating biological problem both from a mechanistic angle—How is replication timing regulated?—and from an evolutionary one—Why is replication timing regulated? Recent work has provided significant insight into the first question. Detailed biochemical…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
In Through the Out Door: A Loop-Binding-First Model for Topological Cohesin Loading
Cohesin is a ring-shaped complex that is loaded on DNA in two different conformations. In one conformation, it forms loops to organize the interphase genome; in the other, it topologically encircles sibling chromosomes to facilitate homologous recombination and to establish the cohesion that is…
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Signaling Pathways that Regulate Cell Division
Cell division requires careful orchestration of three major events: entry into mitosis, chromosomal segregation, and cytokinesis. Signaling within and between the molecules that control these events allows for their coordination via checkpoints, a specific class of signaling pathways that ensure…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Replication timing and its emergence from stochastic processes
The temporal organization of DNA replication has puzzled cell biologists since before the mechanism of replication was understood. The realization that replication timing correlates with important features, such as transcription, chromatin structure and genome evolution, and is misregulated in…
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The Role of Specific Checkpoint-Induced S-Phase Transcripts in Resistance to Replicative Stress
Checkpoint activation during S phase modulates transcription. In response to replication arrest, the fission yeast Cds1 checkpoint kinase maintains the normal S-phase transcriptional program by regulating MBF, the S-phase transcription factor. We show that similar regulation occurs in response to…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Mitotic DNA damage and replication checkpoints in yeast
Studies of the genetics of G(2)/M checkpoints in budding and fission yeasts have produced many of the defining concepts of checkpoint biology. Recent progress in the biochemistry of the checkpoint gene products is adding a mechanistic understanding to our models and identifying the components of…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
The Fission Yeast Rad32(Mre11)–Rad50–Nbs1 Complex Acts Both Upstream and Downstream of Checkpoint Signaling in the S-Phase DNA Damage Checkpoint
The Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 (MRN) heterotrimer plays various and complex roles in DNA damage repair and checkpoint signaling. Its role in activating Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), the central checkpoint kinase in the metazoan double-strand break response, has been well studied. However, its function…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Chk1 and Cds1: linchpins of the DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathways
Recent work on the mechanisms of DNA damage and replication cell cycle checkpoints has revealed great similarity between the checkpoint pathways of organisms as diverse as yeasts, flies and humans. However, there are differences in the ways these organisms regulate their cell cycles. To connect the…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Checkpoints: It takes more than time to heal some wounds
The S-phase DNA damage checkpoint seems to provide a twist on the checkpoint theme. Instead of delaying replication and allowing repair as a consequence, it may activate repair and delay replication as a consequence.