40,148 results
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ChangeMamba: Remote Sensing Change Detection With Spatiotemporal State Space Model
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformers have made impressive progress in the field of remote sensing change detection (CD). However, both architectures have inherent shortcomings: CNN is constrained by a limited receptive field that may hinder their ability to capture broader spatial…
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Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Outbreaks of monkeypox (mpox) have historically resulted from zoonotic spillover of clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Central Africa and clade II MPXV in West Africa. In 2022, subclade IIb caused a global epidemic linked to transmission through sexual contact. Here we describe the epidemiological…
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Burden of severe periodontitis and edentulism in 2021, with projections up to 2050: The Global Burden of Disease 2021 study
AIM: To (i) assess the prevalence, incidence, and burden of severe periodontitis and edentulism in 2021, and (ii) forecast their rates in 2050. METHODS: Prevalence, incidence, and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) for severe periodontitis and edentulism in 2021 were gathered globally, covering 204…
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Achievements, challenges, and future prospects for industrialization of perovskite solar cells
In just over a decade, certified single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) boast an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1%. Such outstanding performance makes it highly viable for further development. Here, we have meticulously outlined challenges that arose during the…
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Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Mismatch Repair–Deficient Colon Cancer
BACKGROUND: Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors can be found in 10 to 15% of patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer. In these patients, the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited. The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy has shown promising results, but data from studies of this approach are…
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Materials design for hypersonics
Hypersonic vehicles must withstand extreme conditions during flights that exceed five times the speed of sound. These systems have the potential to facilitate rapid access to space, bolster defense capabilities, and create a new paradigm for transcontinental earth-to-earth travel. However, extreme…
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Ultrafast electron transfer at the In2O3/Nb2O5 S-scheme interface for CO2 photoreduction
Abstract Constructing S-scheme heterojunctions proves proficient in achieving the spatial separation of potent photogenerated charge carriers for their participation in photoreactions. Nonetheless, the restricted contact areas between two phases within S-scheme heterostructures lead to inefficient…
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YOLOv1 to v8: Unveiling Each Variant–A Comprehensive Review of YOLO
This paper implements a systematic methodological approach to review the evolution of YOLO variants. Each variant is dissected by examining its internal architectural composition, providing a thorough understanding of its structural components. Subsequently, the review highlights key architectural…
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Unusual Sabatier principle on high entropy alloy catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions
Abstract The Sabatier principle is widely explored in heterogeneous catalysis, graphically depicted in volcano plots. The most desirable activity is located at the peak of the volcano, and further advances in activity past this optimum are possible by designing a catalyst that circumvents the…
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A Review of Natural Polysaccharides: Sources, Characteristics, Properties, Food, and Pharmaceutical Applications
Natural polysaccharides, which are described in this study, are some of the most extensively used biopolymers in food, pharmaceutical, and medical applications, because they are renewable and have a high level of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The fundamental understanding required to…
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Types of Purposive Sampling Techniques with Their Examples and Application in Qualitative Research Studies
The aim of the article was to review the purposive sampling types as discussed by Patton (1990) and exemplify them in line with the current trends in the studies being conducted today. The sixteen purposive sampling techniques discussed include extreme case sampling, deviant case sampling…
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Unsupervised spatially embedded deep representation of spatial transcriptomics
Optimal integration of transcriptomics data and associated spatial information is essential towards fully exploiting spatial transcriptomics to dissect tissue heterogeneity and map out inter-cellular communications. We present SEDR, which uses a deep autoencoder coupled with a masked…
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Discovery of antimicrobial peptides in the global microbiome with machine learning
Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to combat the antibiotic-resistance crisis. We present a machine-learning-based approach to predict antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) within the global microbiome and leverage a vast dataset of 63,410 metagenomes and 87,920 prokaryotic genomes from environmental…
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Transformative Potential of AI in Healthcare: Definitions, Applications, and Navigating the Ethical Landscape and Public Perspectives
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial tool in healthcare with the primary aim of improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare delivery. By harnessing machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision, AI enables the analysis of complex medical…
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Generative artificial intelligence in innovation management: A preview of future research developments
This study outlines the future research opportunities related to Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in innovation management. To this end, it combines a review of the academic literature with the results of a Delphi study involving leading innovation management scholars. Ten major research…
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Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, with oncogenic mutations in a normal cell conferring clonal advantage as the initial event. However, despite pervasive somatic mutations and clonal expansion in normal tissues, their transformation into cancer remains a rare event, indicating the presence of…
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Almanac — Retrieval-Augmented Language Models for Clinical Medicine
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive zero-shot capabilities, whereby they can use auxiliary data, without the availability of task-specific training examples, to complete a variety of natural language tasks, such as summarization, dialogue generation, and question…
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Roadmap for Optical Metasurfaces
Metasurfaces have recently risen to prominence in optical research, providing unique functionalities that can be used for imaging, beam forming, holography, polarimetry, and many more, while keeping device dimensions small. Despite the fact that a vast range of basic metasurface designs has already…
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