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The Reasoner
ISSN 1757-0522 · Milano University Press · 1,746 articles in the index
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Journal Article
On the Soundness of S5
We prove the characteristic S5 axiom under the assumption that the modal operators are logical operators.
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Journal Article
S. Barocas, M. Hardt and A. Narayanan. Fairness and Machine Learning: Limitations and Opportunities. MIT Press, 2023
This review discusses Fairness and Machine Learning by Barocas, Hardt, and Narayanan, highlighting its comprehensive and interdisciplinary treatment of fairness in algorithmic decision-making. The book is accessible, open access, and enriched by insights from ethics, law, and the social sciences.
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Prime Lattices and the Structure of Arithmetic: A Conceptual Note
This paper gives a clear account of how prime numbers form the basic structure of arithmetic. Using the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, I show that every natural number can be written as a product of primes and that this makes it possible to picture numbers as points in a lattice, each one…
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Network for Statistical and Causal Inference, Pisa, 11 September
This article reports the main content of the talks presented at the fourth meeting of the Network for Statistical and Causal Inference, at Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, 11 September 2025.
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Philosophy of Scientific Advice to Policymakers
In this essay I offer philosophical reflections on the emerging theme of the philosophy of scientific advice. I discuss some of the challenges of science-based policymaking, underscoring how philosophy of science can contribute to more robust policy development. The piece concludes by introducing…
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A Seminar Series on the History of Logic, and beyond
We present the Seminar Series on the History of Logic, held (at the Department of Humanities of the Federico II University of Naples) since September 2024, and a number of side-activities, such as the 1st Naples Workshop on the History of Logic, held (at the same Department as above) on October…
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Journal Article
Bayesian Epistemology in the Age of Disinformation, Bologna, 4--5 December
This article reports the content of the talks given at the workshop `````"Bayesian Epistemology in the Age of Disinformation", which was held at the University of Bologna on 4--5 December 2025.
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Jacob Stegenga: Medical Nihilism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, xiv + 227, ISBN 978–0–19–874704–8.
This review critically assesses the main claim and argument of Jacob Stegenga’s book Medical Nihilism, published in 2018 by Oxford University Press. It considers some problematic aspects of the application of Bayes’ theorem in support of the author’s thesis, and it discusses a brief selection of…
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What De Finetti Really Meant When He Said “Probability Does Not Exist”
Few sentences in the philosophy of probability have generated more confusion than Bruno de Finetti’s famous claim that “probability does not exist”. The line is routinely interpreted as a denial of probability itself, while de Finetti intended only to reject the idea that probability is an…
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The Decisive Influence of the Diagnostic Environment on Diagnostic Reasoning in Practice
I argue in this article that the environment of diagnosis in practice in which every disease occurs with varying prior probabilities has a decisive influence in shaping diagnostic reasoning to be frequentist instead of leaving it to be Bayesian as prescribed.
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Journal Article
On Blum’s Argument for the Soundness of the S5 Axiom
In a recent paper, Blum argues that the characteristic axiom of S5 is sound when the modal operators are interpreted as logical necessity and logical possibility. In this paper, I show that this interpretation eliminates the modal dimension: logical necessity, whether understood as validity or…
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Journal Article
Gentzen systems and Beth tableaux
This paper provides an expository comparison of two foundational proof systems in classical propositional logic: Gentzen's sequent calculus and Beth's semantic tableaux. Gentzen's sequent calculus is presented as a rule-based system built upon the single axiom $\alpha \Rightarrow \alpha$, whose key…
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Journal Article
A Material Theory of Abduction
(Aizawa, 2025) proposed that scientists sometimes confirm hypotheses using abductive reasoning. That is, they presuppose that some H’s explaining some E provides some reason to believe H. As an example, Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley used abductive reasoning to support their hypothesis that an…
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Editorial
This editorial announces The Reasoner's inclusion in DOAJ and the launch of the new Teaching Corner to encourage a sustained community discussion about how reasoning should be taught from logic to scientific practice.
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Fourth BRIO Meeting & Idea League Ethics Working Group Workshop
Report on the Fourth BRIO Meeting & Idea League Ethics Working Group Workshop held at the Lecco Campus of Politecnico di Milano on 4-5 July 2024.
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Journal Article
Probabilistic Reasoning in the Sciences
Report on the Conference on Probabilistic Reasoning in the Sciences which took place at the Marche Polytechnic University in Ancona, Italy. 29-31 August 2024.
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Non-monotonic bounded reasoners
We put forward a proposal for logics handling both non-monotonic reasoning and boundedly rational agents. We propose a hierarchy of depth-bounded non-monotonic logics. As the parameter k, which controls the level of reasoning depth, increases, non-monotonicity decreases while inferential power, in…
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SMARTEST 1st Project Meeting
Report on the the first official meeting of the SMARTEST project which took place at the CUMO in Noto, Sicily on 9-10 September 2024,
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