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Peacekeepers, Civilians and Threats: (De)constructing Identities in the UN Discourse on Robust and Stabilization Peace Operations

Matheus Souza

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 48 No. 1 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract Robust and stabilization peace operations rely on the premise that an increased use of force enables UN peacekeepers to protect civilians from threats to peace and security. While research has examined these types of operations as well as their mandates and contemporary challenges…

Decentralising Global Health: the geopolitics of health knowledge from a Latin American perspective in the twentieth century

Carolina Salgado; Miguel Herman; Luíza Ramalho

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 48 No. 1 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract In this article we explore the theoretical framework of the geopolitics of knowledge from the perspective of the (de)coloniality of knowledge and power, as outlined by Latin American authors. We mobilised two case studies on health in Latin America throughout the 20th century to visualise…

Pursuing Equity: An Analysis of the Africa Group’s Positions during the Negotiations of the Revised International Health Regulations and the WHO’s Pandemic Agreement

Ramiro Januário dos Santos Neto; Deisy de Freitas Lima Ventura; Maria Antônia Melo Beraldo

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 48 No. 2 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract The Africa Group has emerged as a leading voice in global health governance, advocating for equity in two key pandemic instruments: the 2024 revision of the International Health Regulations (IHR) and the WHO-led Pandemic Agreement. This study provides a review of the Group’s official…

Private Military Companies, Necropower and Fragile States

Karina Junqueira; Cristiano Mendes

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 48 No. 1 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract Private military companies (PMCs) have gained prominence in the international arena since the end of the Cold War. Offering a wide range of services, these companies have been contracted by state and private actors to operate in international conflicts. The use of these companies, however…

Non-violent Civil Resistance and Human (Im)mobility: the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC) in Defence of Ancestral Territory amid the Colombian Armed Conflict

Raquel Araújo de Jesus

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract This article aims to analyse the strategic actions of the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC) in defence of ancestral territory in Colombia’s Pacific region, which has experienced an intensification of the armed conflict following the signing of the Peace Agreement between the…

Feminist Ideas and UN Incremental Institutional Change

Mariana Baccarini; Pascoal Gonçalves; Maria Deusdedite da Silva Neta dkk.

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract In recent decades, the increase in discussions on institutional change has relativised the assumption of institutional stability, linked to the effectiveness or durability of cultural and societal patterns. However, the main focus of these studies has been on the role of exogenous factors…

The Perspectives of Conservative American Think Tanks on U.S. Leadership for Latin America and the Administration of Donald Trump

Laura Pimentel Barbosa

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract In this article, our focus is twofold: we seek to understand how relevant conservative/libertarian think tanks perceive America’s position and policies toward Latin America in the 21st century, and their evaluation of Donald Trump’s foreign policy in Latin America. We carried out a…

European Actorness in a Shifting Geopolitical Order: European Strategic Autonomy Through Differentiated Integration

Christian de Almeida Brandão

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

War Memes and Brazilian National Politics

João Paulo Nicolini; Viktor Chagas; Ricardo Fabrino Mendonça

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract This article adopts the theoretical framework of memetic warfare and International Relations (IR), applying a qualitative, interpretive case study to a curated dataset of 192 memes circulated in pro-Bolsonaro WhatsApp groups in Brazil. These visual artefacts are examined as discursive…

The Central American Northern Triangle States’ (NTS) relationship with Israel and Palestine: Understanding small states’ foreign policy decision-making

Kevin Parthenay; Marta Tawil-Kuri

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2026 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract In recent years, El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala - which make up the so-called Northern Triangle States (NTS) - have maintained changing relations with Israel and Palestine. Alternating between rapprochement and distancing, it is intriguing that such small states intervene in…

Ocean Governance, Maritime Security, and International Relations

Daniele Dionisio da Silva; Gilberto Carvalho Oliveira

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 2 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract Taking as a starting point Philip Steinberg’s seminal insights on the social construction of the ocean, in this article we examine the maritime environment as a social space, seeking to connect contemporary debates on ocean governance, maritime security, and International Relations (IR)…

The Boundaries of the Future: Child Protection as a Promise of Peace for the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Jana Tabak; Marcos do Vale Araujo; Hugo Benevides de Almeida dkk.

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract Child protection is a well-known imperative of multidimensional United Nations (UN) peace operations, especially its stabilization operations. However, as illustrated by the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), protection is…

Tropical Utopia, Tropical Dystopia—Aesthetic Openings to Other Spaces: Interview with Michael J. Shapiro

Fernanda Barasuol; Thiago Rodrigues; Thiago Borne

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 1 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract Michael J. Shapiro is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and one of the most regarded critical voices in Political Theory, International Relations (IR), and many other fields. Indeed, Mike Shapiro’s transdisciplinary work has been for decades challenging…

Bolsonaro’s Foreign Policy in Laerte Coutinho’s Cartoons

Edson José Neves Júnior; Cristine Koehler Zanella

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 1 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract This article examines former President Jair Bolsonaro’s foreign policy through Laerte Coutinho’s cartoons, published in the Folha de São Paulo newspaper, contextualised within Brazilian opening speeches at the UN General Assembly’s Annual Debate from 2019 to 2021. The work is…

Intertwined Securities: The Dilemma Between Environmental Security and Energy Security on Nuclear Power Plants Wastewater Release

Thayná Fernandes Alves Ribeiro

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract The disposal of wastewater from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean, with the approval of the International Atomic Energy Agency, began in 2023 and has sparked a series of questions from some countries about ‘security.’ In International Relations, the use of nuclear…

Thinking Ontological (In)Security with Water: The Place of the Ocean in Boat Migration

Flavia Guerra Cavalcanti

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 2 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract The article aims to examine how Ocean Studies and Blue Humanities, and especially the concepts of more than wet ontology and bodies of water, can contribute to a more than wet approach to Ontological Security Studies (OSS) that allows us to rethink the ways that migrants and refugees…

Hidden on the Stage: Racism and Brazilian Foreign Policy in the FESMAN ’66

João Montenegro Pires

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 1 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract The Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs organized the country’s contributions in the World Festival of Black Arts (FESMAN, Festival Mundial das Artes Negras) in Senegal in 1966 so as to demonstrate the exceptionality of racial relations in Brazil, expressed under the label of ‘racial…

Power in the International Monetary and Financial System: The Geopolitical Limits of the Exorbitant Privilege

Luiza Pecis Valenti; Luiza Peruffo; André M. Cunha

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract This article examines the asymmetries and power dynamics within the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), emphasizing its structural and geopolitical interconnections. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, followed by United States (USA) sanctions such as the freezing of…

Institutional Structures of Latin American Countries for Accession and Participation in the OECD

Lucas da Silva Tasquetto; Magali Favaretto Prieto Fernandes; Milena da Fonseca Azevedo

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 1 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract This article delineates the institutional structures established by Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and Costa Rica to facilitate their accession to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The analysis delves into the political and economic contexts surrounding each…

Between Nuclear Tests and Rising Sea Levels

Beatriz Rodrigues Bessa Mattos

Contexto Internacional, Vol. 47 No. 2 · 2025 · Portugis · DOAJ

Abstract As Epeli Hau’ofa (1994) observes, the deterministic narratives that repeatedly portray Island States as small and vulnerable fail to reflect these communities’ own perceptions of their territorial space. Hau’ofa argues that such narratives do not represent an objective reality but are…