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The Cryosphere
Scopus
ISSN 1994-0416 · Copernicus Publications · 3.530 artikel di indeks
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Ensemble-based snow depth data assimilation for a multi-layer snow scheme over the European Arctic
Reliable estimates of Earth system conditions are important for weather forecasting, hydrological modelling and their downstream applications. Both real-time prediction systems and historical reanalyses use a combination of observations and physical laws embedded in numerical models to generate…
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Anatomy of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice lows in an ocean–sea ice model
Sea ice has exhibited a number of record lows in both hemispheres over the past two decades. While the causes of individual sea ice lows have already been investigated, no systematic comparison across events and hemispheres has been conducted in a consistent framework yet. Here, the global…
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Modelling the sensitivity of ice loss to calving front retreat rates in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica
Ice sheet modelling studies of the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) in West Antarctica have provided estimates of its future impacts on sea level rise. However, many of these studies have not considered the impacts of calving, a key process in the dynamics of marine-terminating glaciers. Sensitivity to…
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Approximating 3D bedrock deformation in an Antarctic ice-sheet model for projections
The bedrock deformation in response to a melting ice sheet provides negative feedback on ice mass loss. When modelling the future behaviour of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, the impact of bed deformation on ice dynamics varies but can reduce projections of future sea-level rise by up to 40 % in…
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Enhanced neural network classification for Arctic summer sea ice
Lead/floe discrimination is essential for calculating sea ice freeboard and thickness (SIT) from radar altimetry. During the summer months (May–September) the classification is complicated by the presence of melt ponds. In this study, we develop a neural network to classify CryoSat-2 measurements…
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Quantifying temperature-sliding inconsistency in thermomechanical coupling: a comparative analysis of geothermal heat flux datasets at Totten Glacier
Rapid sliding of ice sheets requires warm basal temperatures and lubricating basal meltwater, whereas slow velocities typically correlate with a frozen bed. However, ice sheet models often infer basal sliding by inverting surface velocity observations with the vertical structure of temperature and…
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Projecting the response of Greenland's peripheral glaciers to future climate change: glacier losses, sea level impact, freshwater contributions, and peak water timing
Greenland's peripheral glaciers are significant contributors to sea level rise and freshwater fluxes, yet their future evolution remains poorly constrained. This study projects the response of these glaciers to future climate change using the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) forced by CMIP6 climate…
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Assimilation of radar freeboard and snow altimetry observations in the Arctic and Antarctic with a coupled ocean/sea ice modelling system
Sea ice and snow volume are essential variables for polar predictions, but operational systems still struggle to accurately capture their evolution. Satellite measurements now provide estimates of sea ice freeboard and snow depth. The combined assimilation of sea ice concentration (SIC)…
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The dependence of albedo on different factors for refreezing melt ponds in the Arctic
Sea ice plays an important role in the heat transfer into the Arctic Ocean whereas the presence of melt ponds on sea ice complicates the scenario. However, the refreezing pond is less focused and documented in comparison with the well-established seasonal variation. To better evaluate the effect of…
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Bias-adjusted projections of snow cover over eastern Canada using an ensemble of regional climate models
In the context of climate change, stakeholders and decision makers need easily accessible bias-adjusted projections of snow cover and indices produced from those to develop adaptation plans. To meet this need, we produced an ensemble of statistically bias-adjusted regional climate projections of…
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Thermobarokinetics of ice: constitutive formulation for the coupled effect of temperature, stress, and strain rate in ice
Understanding and modeling the mechanical behavior of ice under varying thermal and loading conditions is essential for cryospheric science, permafrost engineering, and the design of polar infrastructure. A central challenge lies in capturing the strong coupling between stress, strain rate, and…
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Advancing snow data assimilation with a dynamic observation uncertainty
Seasonal snow is a critical resource for society by providing water for billions, supporting agriculture, clean energy, and tourism, and is an important element within the climate system by influencing the global energy balance. However, accurately quantifying snow mass, particularly in mountainous…
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First arctic-wide assessment of SWOT swath altimetry with ICESat-2 over sea ice
This study presents an Arctic-wide assessment of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission's swath observations of sea surface height (SSH). SWOT provides measurements in two-dimensional swaths and enables pixel-based height information with a resolution of 250 m up to a latitudinal…
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Brief communication: Intercomparison study reveals pathways for improving the representation of sea-ice biogeochemistry in models
Sea-ice biogeochemical models are key to understanding polar marine ecosystems. We present an intercomparison of six one-dimensional models, assessing their ability to simulate algal phenology and nutrient dynamics using physical-biogeochemical data from an Arctic drift expedition in spring 2015…
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Characterization of ice features in the southwest Greenland ablation zone using multi-modal SAR data
This study investigates ice features of unknown glaciological origin in the ablation zone of southwest Greenland, focusing on the land-terminating Russell Glacier. Using data from an experimental airborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) campaign of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the research…
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Single particle ICP-TOFMS on previously characterised EGRIP ice core samples: new approaches, limitations, and challenges
Polar ice contains chemical impurities, which can be used as a proxy for the past climate, using state-of-the-art chemical methods. Despite its capability to access critical physicochemical parameters of insoluble particles, such as number concentration, mass and size distribution, and elemental…
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Antarctic ice sheet model comparison with uncurated geological constraints shows that higher spatial resolution improves deglacial reconstructions
Accurately reconstructing past changes to the shape and volume of the Antarctic ice sheet relies on the use of physically based and thus internally consistent ice sheet modeling, benchmarked against spatially limited geologic data. The challenge in model benchmarking against geologic data is…
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Enhancing sea ice knowledge through assimilation of sea ice thickness from ENVISAT and CS2SMOS
Arctic sea ice extent has declined significantly over the past four decades, opening up the Arctic to shipping and resource extraction while also impacting wildlife and local communities. This has led to an increasing need for skillful sea ice predictions. We focus on furthering the understanding…
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Observations of creep of polar firn at different temperatures
To improve our understanding of firn compaction and deformation processes, constant-load compressive creep tests were performed on specimens from a Summit, Greenland (72°35′ N, 38°25′ W) firn core that was extracted in June 2017. Cylindrical specimens were tested at temperatures of −5, −18 and −30…
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Improving snow water equivalent modelling: a comparative study of hybrid machine learning techniques
Accurate characterization of snow water equivalent (SWE) is important for water resource management in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere, but its large spatio-temporal variability and limited observational data make it difficult to quantify. Complex physically-based models have been developed…
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