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Biology of Sex Differences
Scopus
ISSN 2042-6410 · BMC · 871 articles in the index
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Journal Article
Rats exposed to a low resource environment in early life display sex differences in blood pressure, autonomic activity, and brain and kidney pro-inflammatory markers during adulthood
Abstract Background Poverty, a low resource state, is a common adverse childhood experience (ACE) and early life stress (ELS). People who experienced childhood poverty are at greater risk for developing hypertension during adulthood, with sex differences. To determine the possible mechanisms of…
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Journal Article
Sex-specific neural responses to smartphone cues in young adults
Abstract Problematic smartphone use has been associated with altered reward and executive control network activity, yet potential sex differences in the underlying neural mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. We investigated sex-specific neural correlates of smartphone cue reactivity (CR) in…
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Journal Article
Steroid hormones and nephrolithiasis: regulation of urine components metabolism and inflammation
Abstract The global incidence of nephrolithiasis has increased significantly in recent decades. The prevalence remains higher in males than females, the exact mechanisms responsible for this gender-based disparity in nephrolithiasis risk remain incompletely understood. Although dietary and…
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Journal Article
Predicting developmental norms from baseline cortical thickness in longitudinal studies
Abstract Summary Normative modeling has been applied to study how brain measures, such as gray matter thickness or volume, change across development. These models help identify how an individual’s brain may differ from what is typical for their age or sex, which could eventually support more…
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Journal Article
Estradiol treatment induces both shared and unique gene regulation and networks in adipose cell types of gonadectomized obese XX and XY mice
Abstract Background Obesity is driven by the pathological expansion and accumulation of adipose tissue and demonstrates sex differences. Estradiol (E2) is known to influence fat distribution and metabolism. However, a comprehensive understanding of the sex-specific effect of E2 on individual…
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Journal Article
Sex differences in the relationship of biomarker change to memory decline in early Alzheimer’s disease: an observational cohort study
Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibits sex differences in pathology and cognitive trajectories. Understanding how these differences manifest across the Alzheimer’s continuum can improve early detection, diagnostics, and interventions. We examined sex differences in the association…
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Journal Article
Sex differences in disease severity and immune responses in murine and human inflammatory arthritis
Abstract Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology, disproportionately affects females at a 3:1 ratio compared to males. While biological sex differences in the immune system exist, sex-related differences in inflammatory and immune mediators of RA…
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Journal Article
Sex differences in human umbilical vein endothelial cells following ox-LDL injury
Abstract Background Numerous sex differences has been described in aterosclerosis including in endothelial dysfunction. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by binding to a membrane glycoprotein expressed by endothelial cells. Ox-LDL also…
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Journal Article
Dynamic transcriptome analysis highlights collagen-integrin-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling underlying sexual dimorphism in the amplexus muscle of Bufo gargarizans
Background Sexual dimorphism in skeletal muscle is a well-recognized biological phenomenon of adaptive evolution, yet its developmental genetic basis remains poorly understood. In many anurans, males develop hypertrophied forelimb muscles to facilitate amplexus (mating embrace) during breeding…
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Journal Article
Integrative microRNA and transcriptome analysis reveals sex-specific molecular divergence in human bladder cancer
Abstract Background Bladder cancer affects men and women differently: men are diagnosed more frequently, but women often present with advanced disease and have worse survival. The biological mechanisms underlying these disparities remain unclear. This study aimed to identify sex-specific molecular…
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Journal Article
Sex-specific hypothalamic PVN transcriptomic signatures of blood pressure autonomic regulation and neuroinflammation in hypertension
Abstract Introduction Hypertension is a multifactorial condition of unknown cause that affects more than 1.28 billion adults worldwide and impacts the sexes differently. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a central role in blood pressure (BP) regulation by modulating sympathetic…
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Journal Article
Sexual dimorphism in cancer: molecular mechanisms and precision oncology perspectives
Abstract Sex differences play a crucial role in determining tumor incidence, treatment sensitivity, and prognosis among men and women. However, current clinical cancer treatment strategies fail to account for these differences. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of tumor disparities between…
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Journal Article
Expression atlas of Dmrt genes across sex and development in the mouse brain: functional insights from the olfactory system
Abstract The ancient DMRT family of transcription factors has been proposed as evolutionarily conserved effectors of sexual differentiation. While brain sexual differentiation has traditionally been attributed to a paracrine role of steroid hormones and intrinsic cues directly controlled by sex…
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Journal Article
Sex-dependent effects of ultra-low-dose-THC preventive treatment on neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice
Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains the most prevalent cause of dementia, yet no existing treatment effectively prevents its onset. Current therapies primarily aim to slow disease progression or manage symptoms, leaving a critical gap in preventive strategies. Recent findings…
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Journal Article
Sex-specific gonadal transcriptome during early development of Siberian sturgeon
Abstract Background Sex determination and differentiation are complex processes shaped by a wide variety of molecular factors. In contrast to teleost species, many aspects of these processes remain poorly understood in basal non-teleost fishes such as the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)…
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Journal Article
Checking assumptions: advancing the analysis of sex and gender in health sciences
Abstract Background Sex and gender are dissociable constructs, each including multiple components. Based on the analytic problems associated with dichotomising continuous variables, we aimed to synthesize a new approach to collecting and analysing sex and gender data in health research, in contrast…
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Journal Article
Real-world evidence indicates romosozumab use is associated with a greater reduction in osteoporotic fractures than PTH (1–34) analogs in women
Abstract Background To compare the effectiveness of romosozumab (ROMO) with parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonists [teriparatide (TPTD)/abaloparatide (APTD)] in reducing fracture risk following osteoporosis treatment. Methods A TriNetX cohort study assessed fracture and mortality risks using…
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Journal Article
Sex-specific associations between obstructive sleep apnea and thyroid hormone sensitivity in euthyroid adults
Abstract Background The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and thyroid hormone sensitivity remains unclear. Thyroid hormone sensitivity indices may reveal subclinical hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis dysregulation beyond conventional hormone levels. Methods We analyzed 718…
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Journal Article
Involvement of the central amygdaloid nucleus in the regulation of sex differences in the stress relief response in mice
Abstract Background Sex differences in brain function critically influence vulnerability to stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression. Stress relief, defined as a positive emotional state following the termination of a threat, has been proposed as a natural reward promoting…
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Journal Article
Sex-specific obesity paradox and type 2 myocardial infarction in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients
Abstract Background and aims Obesity is usually linked to negative outcomes in many diseases; however, some acute critical conditions exhibit a phenomenon known as the obesity paradox. This investigation assessed sex-specific differences in type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI), a condition caused by…