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Public Health Action
ISSN 2220-8372 · The Union · 131 artikel di indeks
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Artikel Jurnal
Strengthening antimicrobial resistance policies: lessons from the design and implementation phase of the EU-JAMRAI 2 Sustainability Guidance Tool
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens global health and requires sustained, integrated responses beyond short-term initiatives. EU-JAMRAI 2 mobilises over 120 partners to produce scalable solutions aligned with One Health priorities. To ensure long-term uptake, the French Ministry of Health…
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The return on investment of TB contact tracing in New York City
SETTING: In 2013, the New York City Health Department analysed its TB contact tracing programme. Despite long-term declines, TB remained a persistent public health issue in New York City, necessitating continued investment in prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the financial…
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Enhancing TB case detection: a case study of Kenya’s Global Fund–supported public–private mix
BACKGROUND: Kenya, a high-TB-burden country, is among eight WHO-priority countries for public–private mix (PPM) initiatives to engage all health care providers in TB prevention and care. OBJECTIVE: To describe Kenya’s experience implementing a Global Fund–supported PPM intervention and its…
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Evaluating treatment outcomes stratified by regimen among drug-resistant TB patients in Sierra Leone
SETTING: Sierra Leone has a high burden of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), managed at three treatment centres. OBJECTIVE: To compare treatment success between BPaL (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid)/BPaLM (bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin) and the standardised short and the…
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Artikel Jurnal
Does active case finding detect TB early in programme settings? A national-level study in India
SETTING: Since 2017, India’s TB programme is implementing active case finding (ACF) in high-risk populations in all districts. Symptom screening followed by confirmatory testing was the ACF algorithm. OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in pre-treatment delays and severe illness at diagnosis…
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Viral load testing coverage and suppression rate among children and adolescents on ART in Sierra Leone
SETTING: Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) centres from eight districts of Sierra Leone. OBJECTIVES: Among children and adolescents (0–19 years) registered for ART after January 2023 and currently on care, to assess i) viral load (VL) testing coverage and viral suppression, ii) turnaround time from…
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Critical level of food insecurity and nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV
BACKGROUND: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for the clinical management of people living with HIV (PLHIV), but food insecurity can compromise it. The threshold at which food insecurity significantly affects adherence remains poorly studied. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was…
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Barriers and enablers of TB infection screening and treatment programme for recent migrants in East London
BACKGROUND: The majority of active TB cases in low-burden, high-income settings arise from reactivation of TB infection (TBI). The London Borough of Newham, UK, piloted a novel screening and treatment TBI programme for recent migrants. This was situated entirely within primary care. OBJECTIVE AND…
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Association between low water intake and lung function impairment in elderly adults: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association between water intake and lung function impairment, focusing on the potential effect of dehydration on respiratory health in elderly adults. METHODS: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in rural regions of Taiwan between…
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Artikel Jurnal
High levels of unfavourable treatment outcomes in children with drug-sensitive TB in Sierra Leone
SETTING: Ola During Children’s Hospital, a tertiary-level paediatric facility affiliated with a university and located in Freetown, Sierra Leone. No published studies from Sierra Leone have evaluated treatment outcomes in children (
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Retention of pregnant women living with HIV across health care levels in Sierra Leone
SETTING: The study was conducted across three health facilities in Sierra Leone, Princess Christian Maternity Hospital (tertiary), Rokupa Government Hospital (secondary), and George Brook Community Health Centre (primary). OBJECTIVES: To assess retention rates and identify factors associated with…
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Diabetes mellitus, TB, and HIV multi-morbidities among adults in Uganda
OBJECTIVE: Antiretroviral therapy has extended HIV patient survival, increasing non-communicable disease prevalence like diabetes mellitus. Strong links exist between HIV, TB, and diabetes. This study examined diabetes prevalence among adults with TB and HIV, or co-infection in Uganda. DESIGN…
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Strengthening operational research to complement Global Fund grants for HIV, TB and malaria in Sierra Leone
This issue of Public Health Action (PHA) includes the first of a series of articles that provide evidence-based answers to questions raised by health workers on addressing HIV, TB and malaria on the frontlines in Sierra Leone. The research was conducted as part of a SORT IT course, which is a…
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Treatment outcomes of individuals with tuberculosis identified from mobile chest X-ray–based active case finding in Pakistan
Mobile X-ray–based active case finding is being scaled up across high-burden countries to improve detection of early and asymptomatic tuberculosis (TB). However, limited evidence is available for treatment outcomes in programmatic settings. We investigated outcomes of 1,023,488 individuals screened…
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Leveraging sexually transmitted infection clinics for cervical cancer screening: evidence from India
SETTING: Four government-run sexually transmitted infection/reproductive tract infection (STI/RTI) clinics at secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India. OBJECTIVE: To assess readiness and provider knowledge for Papanicolaou (Pap) smear–based cervical cancer…
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Cough syrup buyers get referred but not tested: private pharmacy–based tuberculosis surveillance pilot in Jaipur, India
SETTING: In the private sector of Rajasthan (north Indian state), missed tuberculosis (TB) notifications were seven times the reported notifications. The higher the private cough syrup sales in districts, the higher the missed TB notification. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the operational feasibility of…
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Assessment of the acceptability and usability of an integrated HIV–TB digital portal at anti-retroviral therapy centres in Odisha, India
BACKGROUND: In India, health-facility staff at anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centres enter the tuberculosis (TB) status of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ni-kshay (a TB programme portal) and additionally in an AIDS control programme digital portal, Strengthening Overall Care for HIV…
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Gaps in access and trust: essential medicine availability, affordability, and barriers to generic medicine use
SETTING: Selected public health facility pharmacies, private pharmacies, and Jan Aushadhi Kendras (JAKs) outlets dispensing generic medicines in four districts of Tamil Nadu, India. OBJECTIVE: To compare essential medicine availability, affordability, and knowledge on generic medicines among…
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Quality improvement package for severe tuberculosis triage in Tamil Nadu, India
SETTING: Tamil Nadu Kasanoi Erappila Thittam (TN-KET) is a statewide differentiated tuberculosis (TB) care initiative to reduce TB deaths involving triaging for severe illness at diagnosis and referral of severely ill for appropriate inpatient care (2022–2025). Eleven out of 30 districts did not…
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Prevalence of major risk factors for tuberculosis in COVID-19 active case-finding camps in India
BACKGROUND: TB) remains a major public health challenge in India, driven by undernutrition, diabetes, alcohol use, and tobacco exposure. Under the Global Fund–supported COVID-19 Response Mechanism (C19RM), we implemented integrated active case finding (ACF) and risk screening to estimate the…