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Diagnostic and Prognostic Research
ISSN 2397-7523 · BMC · 228 artikel di indeks
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Artikel Jurnal
Performance of the Leicester risk assessment and Leicester practice risk scores for assessing the risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes or prediabetes in diverse populations: protocol for a systematic review of published validations and updates
Abstract Background Approximately one million adults in the UK are estimated to have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a further 5.1 million adults with nondiabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) that does not meet the threshold for a diabetes diagnosis. The Leicester Risk Assessment score…
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Artikel Jurnal
A study protocol for a predictive model to assess population‑based risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: The Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Population Risk Tool (PregPoRT)
Abstract Background Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and placental abruption, are major contributors to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, with implications for individual long-term health and health system performance. Existing prediction…
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A comparison of methodological approaches to developing clinical prediction models for individuals living with multiple long-term conditions: a protocol for a systematic review
Abstract Introduction Multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) are being made a priority by funding bodies as prevalence rates increase. Improving early detection of individuals at high risk of developing MLTCs may delay or prevent complications and poor health outcomes. Predicting MLTCs remains a…
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Machine learning-based COVID-19 prognostic models lag behind in reporting quality: findings from a TRIPOD/TRIPOD + AI systematic review
Abstract Background Reporting of COVID-19 prognostic models frequently falls short of established standards. The TRIPOD checklist and its 2024 AI extension (TRIPOD + AI) provide a comprehensive framework for assessing reporting quality. We therefore evaluated and compared reporting completeness in…
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Artikel Jurnal
The continuous net benefit: assessing the clinical utility of prediction models when informing a continuum of decisions
Abstract Background The net benefit and decision curve analysis are increasingly being used to assess the clinical utility of prognostic models. This metric assesses the value added by a model’s predictions when individuals are treated differently according to whether they are over or under a…
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Artikel Jurnal
The impact of violation of the proportional hazards assumption on the discrimination of the Cox proportional hazards model
Abstract Background The Cox proportional hazards regression model is frequently used to estimate an individual’s probability of experiencing an outcome within a specified prediction horizon. A key assumption of this model is that of proportional hazards. An important component of validating a…
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Artikel Jurnal
Protocol for development of a reporting guideline (TRIPOD-Code) for code repositories associated with diagnostic and prognostic prediction model studies
Abstract Introduction The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model of Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement was published to improve the reporting and critical appraisal of prediction model studies for diagnosis and prognosis. This paper describes the processes and…
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The use of blood test trends in cancer detection: a scoping review
Abstract Background Monitoring trends in repeated blood tests might offer opportunities to improve cancer detection. This review aimed to systematically map the existing literature on blood test trends in cancer detection, characterise how these trends have been used in cancer detection approaches…
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Artikel Jurnal
Urine and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for early glioma detection: a systematic review
Abstract Background Liquid biopsies offer a minimally invasive approach for early glioma detection. However, potential non-blood biomarkers in urine and CSF are under-researched. While urine is easier to sample and has fewer proteins/cells, CSF may yield higher detection rates due to its proximity…
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Modelling the cost-effectiveness of non-invasive prenatal testing in the English sickle cell and thalassaemia screening pathway
Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassaemia are inherited conditions causing chronic anaemia, increased infection risk and multi-organ failure. Standard of care (SoC) prenatal screening involves carrier blood testing for pregnant women and, if positive, carrier blood testing for…
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Artikel Jurnal
Minimally acceptable criteria and required sample size for an accuracy study of non-invasive prenatal testing of sickle cell disease in screen positive women in England: results of a decision tree model
Abstract Background The screening pathway for sickle cell disease (SCD) in England starts with a carrier status blood test for the pregnant woman. Following a positive result, the test is offered to the biological father. Where both results are positive, further invasive testing is offered to…
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Evaluating discrimination of prediction models for recurrent clinical events
Abstract Background Prediction models for clinical conditions involving recurrent events require performance metrics tailored to repeated outcomes. Although we and others have developed methods to evaluate calibration and related aspects of performance, approaches for assessing discrimination…
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Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning-assisted low-dose CT screening for lung cancer detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Deep learning (DL)-assisted low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) may improve lung cancer screening, but the available evidence is heterogeneous and patient-level diagnostic accuracy remains uncertain. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from January 2010 to…
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Artikel Jurnal
Impact of a diagnostic strategy for appendicitis in children with acute abdominal pain in primary care: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 cluster randomised controlled trial
Abstract Background Children with acute abdominal pain pose a diagnostic challenge for general practitioners (GPs), as it can be difficult to distinguish appendicitis from self-limiting conditions due to overlapping symptoms. To support GPs, a diagnostic strategy for appendicitis was developed that…
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Treatment effect estimation by comparing observed and predicted outcomes: conditions for valid inference and practical illustration
Abstract Background One non-randomized approach to estimate the average effect of a newly introduced treatment is to compare observed outcomes under the new treatment with predicted outcomes under the standard treatment. These counterfactual predictions are made using a model developed before the…
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Agreement between heuristic shrinkage factor and optimal shrinkage factors in logistic regression for risk prediction: a simulation study across different sample sizes and settings
Abstract Introduction The heuristic shrinkage factor of Van Houwelingen and Le Cessie (𝑆𝑉𝐻) is a commonly used closed-form solution to adjust for overfitting in unpenalised logistic regression models for risk prediction. It is also the basis of widely-adopted minimum sample size criteria for…
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Artikel Jurnal
Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for glioma: protocol for a systematic review
Abstract Background Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, demanding prompt and accurate diagnosis to guide therapy decisions. Conventional diagnostic methods such as histopathology and neuroimaging are limited by their invasiveness, subjectivity, or lack of intraoperative precision. Raman…
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Artikel Jurnal
Protocol for the development and validation of a risk score to predict risk of adverse events associated with systemic anti-cancer treatment in late-stage lung cancer: Lung Cancer Improved Decisions (LUCID)
Abstract Background Less than 20% of patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer will survive beyond five years and half of these will suffer a serious adverse event (SAE) caused by systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) that will result in a hospital attendance. As multiple different SACT treatments…