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Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
ISSN 2599-0683 · Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta · 48 articles in the index
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Journal Article
The Afghanistan-Pakistan Conflict (2025): Regional Security Complex Theory and Sub-Regional Insecurity
The Afghanistan-Pakistan clash in October 2025 represents a critical episode in South Asian security, revealing how state fragility, transnational militant networks, and contested borders generate recurring instability. This article applies Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) to explain why…
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Journal Article
Navigating Regional Competition: The Competitiveness of Indonesia’s MSMEs in the ASEAN Market
The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) marks a significant milestone in Southeast Asia’s regional integration efforts, driving economic liberalization, free trade, and cross-border investment flows. Within this dynamic regional environment, Indonesia’s Micro, Small, and Medium…
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Journal Article
Middle Powers' Response to the United States’ Trade War Policy During Trump's Second Term
This article describes middle powers’ response to the United States’ trade war policy during President Trump’s second term. Unlike the first trade war that the United States conducted solely against China during Trump’s first term, the United States' second trade war also targeted Canada, Mexico…
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Journal Article
Implementasi Kerjasama Indonesia – Australia di Sektor Jasa Pendidikan Tinggi dalam Kerangka IA-CEPA 2020-2024
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerjasama Indonesia – Australia di sektor jasa pendidikan tinggi dalam kerangka IA-CEPA melalui program The Partnership For Australia – Indonesia Research (PAIR) di Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2020-2024. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil rarifikasi kerjasama…
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Journal Article
Navigating Asymmetric Interdependence: Actor Typology and Sectoral Preferences in East Java’s Economic Paradiplomacy (2024–2025)
Paradiplomacy has emerged as a useful tool employed by subnational governments in addressing the demands and possibilities of interdependence in today’s world. Thus, this research seeks to examine the typology of international actors, patterns of sectoral preferences, and dimensions of…
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Journal Article
Balancing International Recognition and Domestic Pressure: A Two-Level Games Analysis of Indonesia's Board of Peace (BOP) Policy 2026
This article analyzes the conditions under which Indonesia's two negotiating tables became irreconcilable in the Board of Peace (BoP) episode of 2026 and what this incompatibility reveals about the structural limits of Indonesia's foreign policy under President Prabowo. Using Putnam's two-level…
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Journal Article
Respon Rusia dalam Menanggapi Perluasan NATO di Eropa Timur (1999-2022)
This research aims to comprehensively analyze how Russia has responded to NATO’s expansion in Eastern Europe during the 1999–2022 period. By applying the theories of Offensive Realism and the Security Dilemma concept, this study seeks to explain the dynamic action–reaction relationship between…
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Journal Article
Indonesian Diplomacy to Manage Global Support on Papua
Indonesia has a long history of diplomacy to protect national sovereignty and regional integrity against separatist movements. The Indonesian negotiation to resolve the conflict in Aceh and East Timor marked by peace agreements that end the conflicts for good. However, the issue in Papua remained…
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Journal Article
Indonesia’s Soft Power Diplomacy Agenda in Supporting National Interests
In the context of global geopolitical tensions and the rising use of hard power, the effectiveness of soft power has been questioned. However, Indonesia remains committed to leveraging soft power as a tool in diplomacy to achieve its national interests. This study aims to examine Indonesia's…
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Journal Article
Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Meningkatkan Ekspor Kakao ke Malaysia Periode 2017 – 2021
Indonesia is one of the countries that relies on international trade to support its economic growth. Since the 1980s, Indonesia's international trade has undergone significant changes, where previously, its exports heavily depended on oil and gas commodities. However, non-oil and gas commodities…
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Journal Article
NATO Enlargement and U.S. Foreign Policy After the Cold War
In the aftermath of the Cold War, the United States not only sought to preserve the NATO alliance but also supported its eastward enlargement. Beginning in 1999, NATO welcomed new member states; most were from the former Soviet bloc. America’s support for NATO enlargement deserves scrutiny. Why did…
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Journal Article
Bureaucratic Analysis of Indonesia’s Ministry of Defence: Advancing National Defense Diplomacy Through the 2024 Indonesia-Australia Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA)
This study analyzes the bureaucratic system of Indonesia’s Ministry of Defence in implementing the 2024 Indonesia-Australia Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA). Literature review and interviews identified key challenges cross-national coordination complexity, legal/linguistic differences, and…
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Journal Article
The Long Road to Agreement: Analyzing the Dynamics of the Indonesia-Australia CEPA Negotiation
The signing of the Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) in 2019 and its ratification by Indonesia in 2020 marked a significant milestone in the economic relationship between the two nations. IA-CEPA goes beyond mere trade cooperation, encompassing a broader…
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Journal Article
Internalization of International Norms on Children's Rights in Makassar: A Pentahelix Model Perspective
This qualitative case study examines the process of internalizing international children's rights norms at the local level in Makassar through PentaHelix collaboration, focusing on the Makassar Children's Forum (FAM) and the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3A). Data was…
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Journal Article
Strategi Hedging Turki dan Implikasinya terhadap Respons NATO atas Perang Rusia-Ukraina (2022-2025)
This article aims to analyze Turkey’s hedging strategy in the context of the Russia–Ukraine war (2022–2025) and its implications for NATO’s response. Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Turkey—as a NATO member—has demonstrated a distinct response compared to other alliance…
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Journal Article
Diplomasi Publik dan Politik Gender di Global Selatan: Menggugat Netralitas Representasi di Indonesia, Afrika Selatan, dan Brasil
Public diplomacy is often understood as a strategic communication practice that is neutral and universal. However, in the context of Global South countries, this presumed neutrality deserves to be challenged, as it tends to overlook the gendered dimensions embedded in the construction of national…
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Journal Article
Revolutions in Military Affairs (RMA) Policy in Countering the Threat of Terrorism and Cyber Crime in Singapore
As a country located in the Southeast Asia Region with a very small area flanked by several major regional powers, Singapore is vulnerable to symmetrical and asymmetrical threats. If Singapore does not develop its military capabilities, there will be more threats to its people. Many asymmetrical…
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Journal Article
Navigating the Discord: Assessing Civil-Military Relations Theory in Public Transparency Debate
Indonesia's government has faced significant criticism for its lack of transparency regarding defense and military expenditures. In early 2024, this issue garnered peak public attention when Prabowo Subianto, a key figure in Indonesia's military activities, defended the non-transparent approach as…
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Journal Article
Policy Analysis of Indonesia's Sea Sand Export Reopening 2023
Abstract This research aims to analyze why Indonesia reopened the export of sea sand after being banned for 20 years. That in 2002, there was a policy banning the export of Indonesian sea sand because many were sent to Singapore and were detrimental. Then in 2007, another policy affirmation was…
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Journal Article
Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Brunei: Mengapa Bekerja di Brunei? 2021-2023
International migration is never ending issue in the era of globalization. International migration is significance discussed because it creates problems in the world. The focus of this research is to examine case study of Brunei as the destination of Indonesian migrant workers to acquire…