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Smart Cities
Scopus
ISSN 2624-6511 · MDPI AG · 841 articles in the index
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Intelligent Control Framework for Optimal Energy Management of University Campus Microgrid
This study proposes a smart energy management framework for a university campus microgrid aimed at reducing dependence on the main power grid and increasing the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) generation under dynamic load and environmental conditions. The core contribution is a two-stage approach…
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Visual Context and Behavioral Priming in Pedestrian Crossing Decisions: Evidence from a Stated Preference Experiment in Ecuadorian Urban Areas
Pedestrian safety in developing countries faces critical challenges from rapid urbanization and infrastructure deficiencies. This study investigates how visual context influences pedestrian crossing preferences through a controlled stated preference experiment in multiple Ecuadorian cities. A…
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Prioritizing Core Data Sets for Smart City Governance: Evidence from Thirty-Six Cities in Thailand
Smart city initiatives increasingly rely on interoperable and high-quality urban data, yet many cities lack systematic methods for prioritizing which datasets should be developed first. This study proposes an evidence-based framework for smart city data prioritization that integrates data need…
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Development and Field Testing of an Acoustic Sensor Unit for Smart Crossroads as Part of V2X Infrastructure
Improving city crossroads safety is a critical problem for modern smart transportation systems (STS). This article presents the results of developing, upgrading, and comprehensively experimentally testing an acoustic monitoring system prototype designed for rapid accident detection. Unlike…
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MIO-BDT: Construction of Basic Models and Formal Verification of Building Digital Twins That Supports Multiple Interactive Objects
As a high-fidelity digital mapping of the physical built environment, the Building Digital Twin (BDT) relies on physical–virtual interaction as a core enabler for lifecycle management. However, existing BDT conceptual models predominantly focus on unidirectional or single-threaded physical–virtual…
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Smart Sensing in Italian Historic City Centers: The Liminal Environmental Monitoring System (LEMS)
Historic city centers host dense ensembles of heritage buildings where conservation goals must coexist with sustainable and smart urban development, yet the semi-outdoor “liminal” spaces of these complexes, such as cloisters, loggias and courtyards, are rarely included in microclimate monitoring…
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A Lightweight LLM-Based Semantic–Spatial Inference Framework for Fine-Grained Urban POI Analysis
Unstructured POI name texts are widely used in fine-grained urban analysis, yet missing labels and semantic ambiguity often limit their value for spatial inference. This study proposes a large language model-based semantic–spatial inference framework (LLM-SSIF), a lightweight semantic–spatial…
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HDRSeg-UDA: Semantic Segmentation for HDR Images with Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Accurate detection and localization of traffic objects are essential for autonomous driving tasks such as path planning. While semantic segmentation is able to provide pixel-level classification, existing networks often fail under challenging conditions like nighttime or rain. In this paper, we…
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Reinforcement Learning for Lane-Changing Decision Making in Autonomous Vehicles: A Survey
Autonomous lane-changing is one of the most critical and complex tasks in automated driving. Recent progress in reinforcement learning (RL) has shown strong potential to help autonomous vehicles (AVs) make safe and flexible lane-change decisions in real time under uncertain traffic conditions. In…
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Comparative Experimental Performance of an Ayanz Screw-Blade Wind Turbine and a Conventional Three-Blade Turbine Under Urban Gusty Wind Conditions
To address the scientific gap concerning optimal urban wind turbine morphology, this work presents an experimental performance comparison between two small-scale wind turbine designs: a conventional three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a duct-equipped Ayanz-inspired screw-blade…
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Federated Learning Frameworks for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Comparative Adaptation Analysis
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have progressively incorporated machine learning to optimize traffic efficiency, enhance safety, and improve real-time decision-making. However, the traditional centralized machine learning (ML) paradigm faces critical limitations regarding data privacy…
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Enhancing Risk Perception and Information Communication: An Evidence-Based Design of Flood Hazard Map Interfaces
Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, posing major challenges to human safety, property, and urban resilience. Effective communication of flood risk is therefore crucial for disaster preparedness and the sustainable management of smart cities. This study explores how interface…
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A Stochastic Optimization Model for Electric Freight Operations on Predefined Long-Haul Routes with Partial Recharging and Heterogeneous Fleets
The electrification of long-haul freight transport introduces significant challenges in fleet planning, charging decisions, and reliability management under uncertainty. This study proposed a Stochastic Electric Freight Operations Planning Problem on Predefined Routes with Partial Recharging and…
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Tackling the Complexity of Emergency Response Systems: Creating Transport-Focused Digital Twins
Providing medical and technical assistance to people in life-threatening situations requires the coordinated cooperation of numerous actors within the emergency response system. The efficiency of the emergency response system is thereby influenced by the transport infrastructure and the traffic…
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Co-Creating Climate-Resilient Streets: Digital Twin-Based Simulations for Outdoor Thermal Comfort
Rapid urbanization and climate change are intensifying heat exposure in cities, making effective adaptation strategies essential. This study presents a streamlined digital twin modeling framework for simulating the impact of nature-based solutions (NBSs) on outdoor thermal comfort, developed within…
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Estimating Building Air Change Rates with Multizone Models at Urban Scale: Comparative Case Studies
Accurate estimation of building-specific air change rates is important for reliable urban-scale energy modeling, particularly in densely populated regions where airflow calculations must account for complex boundary conditions associated with urban geometry. This study applied lumped-parameter…
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Advancing Smart Cities in Africa: Barriers, Potentials, and Strategic Pathways for Sustainable Urban Transformation
Smart cities utilise advanced technology to enhance the quality of life, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability of citizens. This transformation is both vital and complex in Africa due to rapid urbanisation and socio-economic challenges. This paper examines the prospects, challenges…
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The Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Public Policy in Shaping the Future of Ride-Hailing: A Review
In the context in which on-demand mobility services are rapidly gaining popularity in the transportation sector, this article provides a literature review focusing on the emerging research topics related to ride-hailing. Based on a comprehensive review of the existing scientific literature, ten…
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Autonomous Shuttle Service in Sub-Urban Mixed Traffic Conditions: Microscopic Simulation-Based Impact Assessment
Autonomous shuttle services are currently introduced in different urban conditions throughout the world. As a result, studies are needed to assess the safety and mobility performance of such autonomous shuttle services. However, calibrating the movement of autonomous shuttles in a simulation…
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BDNet: A Lightweight YOLOv12-Based Vehicle Detection Framework for Smart Urban Traffic Monitoring
Accurate and real-time vehicle detection is a fundamental requirement for smart urban traffic monitoring, particularly in densely populated cities where heterogeneous traffic, frequent occlusion, and severe scale variation challenge lightweight vision systems deployed at the edge. To address these…