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ROS scavenging mitigates TNFα-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial fragmentation in human airway smooth muscle

Debanjali Dasgupta; Sanjana Mahadev Bhat; Gary C. Sieck

Function, Vol. 7 No. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) mediates airway responses to acute inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that, in human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells, TNFα increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. TNFα also selectively activates the…

Maternal kidney adaptation and function in pregnancy: review and perspectives

Jessica F. Hebert; Kevin Burfeind; Michael P. Hutchens

Function, Vol. 7 No. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Pregnancy imposes considerable physiological demands on the maternal kidney, requiring coordinated structural, hemodynamic, and molecular adaptations to maintain homeostasis and support fetal development. This review synthesizes renal changes throughout normal and abnormal gestation, emphasizing…

Evidence that myoglobin Po2 is a noninvasive measure of in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial Po2 during exercise in humans

Ryan M. Broxterman; Bradley A. Ruple; Peter D. Wagner dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Muscle mitochondrial partial pressure of oxygen ([Formula: see text]) is a key determinant of skeletal muscle oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), metabolism, gene regulation, and adaptation in health and disease. Yet [Formula: see text] remains difficult to measure directly in vivo in humans…

Simulated shift work schedules disrupts circadian rhythms and behavior in mice

Jun-Yi Duan; Xiao-Tong Huang; Ai-Yu Duan dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Shift work has become a major cause of circadian rhythm disruption in modern society. This study investigated the systemic consequences of shift schedules by subjecting mice to different light-dark (LD) cycles: non-24-h cycles (rapidly rotating groups A and B) and 24-h cycles (group C and control…

Circadian clock protein Bmal1 regulates respiratory motor plasticity in male rats

Aaron A. Jones; Alexandria B. Marciante; Pierce Berardi dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) elicits respiratory motor plasticity in the phrenic, intercostal, and hypoglossal motor pools and has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to improve respiratory function in people with neuromuscular disorders that compromise breathing. Although we recently…

Layer-specific choroidal vascular adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia revealed by functional OCT at 3,800 m

Mohammad Amin Safarzadeh; Jacquie R. Baker; Satish R. Raj dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Ascent to high-altitude induces systemic and ocular changes that alter vision. The functional responses of the choroidal vasculature at different depths to hypoxia remain incompletely understood. In this study, we used functional optical coherence tomography (f-OCT) to quantify changes in choroidal…

Alcohol and calorie-dense diets modulate immune phenotype and metabolic health in simian immunodeficiency virus infection

Liz Simon; Megan Mire; Patrick M. McTernan dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Alcohol misuse and calorie-dense diets, especially those rich in sugar and fat, independently increase comorbidity risk among people with HIV. The objective of this study was to define the combined effects of chronic binge alcohol administration and consumption of a high-fat high-sucrose diet…

Constitutive mTORC1 activation in skeletal muscle increases inflammation but is not sufficient to impair glucose tolerance

Erik D. Marchant; Hanna Kalenta; Sean P. Kilroe dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Aberrant mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in skeletal muscle has been implicated in aging and insulin resistance; however, it is not known whether chronic mTORC1 activation directly causes glucose intolerance. We tested the hypothesis that constitutive mTORC1 activation…

Pairing ampakine with brief hypoxia evokes phrenic neuroplasticity via a spinal NMDA receptor-mediated mechanism

Prajwal P. Thakre; Sabhya Rana; Raphael R. Perim dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Brief hypoxic episodes drive neuroplasticity in animal models and humans. Pretreatment with an allosteric α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (R) modulator (“ampakine”) enables a single hypoxic exposure to induce sustained increases in phrenic motor activity…

Ampakine-hypoxia pairing reveals a novel NMDA-dependent respiratory neuroplasticity

Pauline Michel-Flutot; Kun-Ze Lee; Stéphane Vinit

Function, Vol. 7 No. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Type 1 diabetes differentially disrupts right and left ventricular daily rhythms

Sharanya S. Bettadapura; Samantha J. Torres; Marjie P. Schmitt dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Circadian rhythms are endogenous ∼24-h cycles that regulate cardiovascular physiology. Although circadian regulation of the left ventricle (LV) is well established, whether the right ventricle (RV) exhibits intrinsic rhythmicity is not known. Here, we provide the first evidence that the healthy RV…

Editorial Board

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Synchronization of the 12-h circatidal rhythm maintains the kidney through repeated cycles of warm reperfusion in the hibernating ground squirrel

Austin E. Gillen; David J. Orlicky; Rui Fu dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

The hibernating 13-lined ground squirrel kidney is a unique natural model of resistance to damage caused by cold storage and warm reperfusion. Over months, the kidney is exposed to cycles between multiday periods of torpor with low perfusion at ice-cold temperature and rapid warm reperfusion during…

A clear view at altitude: layer-specific control of the choroidal circulation

Jui-Lin Fan; Philip R. K. Turnbull

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Cellular senescence links muscle atrophy and posttraumatic osteoarthritis after ACL injury

Alexander R. Keeble; Allison M. Owen; Sara Gonzalez-Velez dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 4 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Traumatic knee injury leads to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) and significant skeletal muscle weakness, resulting in chronic disability. The current standard of care frequently fails to prevent musculoskeletal dysfunction, underscoring the need to identify therapeutic mechanisms of PTOA. Using…

Molecular mechanisms of acute inflammation: systemic responses and kidney-specific pathophysiology

Forough Chelangarimiyandoab; Jean-Philippe C. Lavoie; Nicolas Flamand dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 1 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Inflammation is a critical immune response to tissue injury or infection, involving a cascade of molecular and cellular events. This review examines acute inflammation, focusing on the key receptors, signaling pathways, mediators, and cellular players involved in the response throughout the body…

Orexin facilitates the peripheral chemoreflex in the active phase via corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons that project to the nucleus of the solitary tract

Ruwaida Ben Musa; Fateme Khodadadi-Mericle; David D. Kline dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 1 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Projections from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) facilitate the peripheral chemoreflex. A significant proportion of this projection is composed of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons. Orexin neurons in the perifornical…

Timing matters: circadian rhythm disruption in alcohol-associated peripheral organ pathophysiology

Shannon M. Bailey

Function, Vol. 7 No. 1 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Circadian rhythms influence the pathophysiological effects of alcohol. This review examines how alcohol disrupts circadian regulation in peripheral organs, particularly the liver, intestine, cardiovascular system, and skeletal muscle, and how circadian disruption exacerbates metabolic dysfunction…

Physiological relevance of autocrine melatonin signaling in pineal and extrapineal sites: a systematic review

Gaudence Ndinganire; Gaspard Ntamukunzi; Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi

Function, Vol. 7 No. 1 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

Beyond the pineal gland, melatonin is produced locally in many extrapineal organs, where it mediates local tissue homeostasis. However, little attention is paid to the physiological role of autocrine melatonin signaling across body organs. This study synthesizes original data to address this gap…

Intracellular calcium release activates carotid body afferents by fentanyl

Ying-Jie Peng; Oren Kabil; Ning Wang dkk.

Function, Vol. 7 No. 1 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ Scopus

We recently reported [Peng YJ, Nanduri J, Wang N, Xie Z, Fox AP, Prabhakar NR. Function (Oxf) 6: zqaf020, 2025] that fentanyl activates carotid body (CB) afferents via kappa opioid receptors (KORs), while CB denervation exacerbates, coadministration of fentanyl with a KOR agonist attenuates…