286 results

Thermal behavior of nitro-, amino-, and azo-phenylfuroxans

Dmitry V. Khakimov; Tatyana S. Pivina; Viktor V. Zakharov et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

4-Nitro-3-phenylfuroxan (1), 4-amino-3-phenylfuroxan (2), and 4,4’-azo-3,3’-diphenylfuroxan (3) were synthesized using previously described methods and their thermochemical characteristics were experimentally studied. The kinetics of thermal transformation reactions of the substances was…

Cover Story

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Graphical Abstract

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Electrochemical synthesis of energetic materials: A green revolution from mechanism to application

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Electrochemically driving C-C coupling of the pyrimidine ring via C-H activation for constructing the energetic skeleton

Tian-yu Jiang; Yu-teng Cao; Hao-huang Wang et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

In recent years, due to the advantages of green and safe electrochemical synthesis, researchers have gradually introduced it into the field of energetic material. However, electrochemistry is mainly used to achieve the generation of azo bond through amino coupling in the field of energetic…

Electrocatalytic N=N coupling reaction mechanism on the Ni-based catalysts: A density functional theoretical study

Meng Li; Zi-hang Zhao; Dan-dan Zhang et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Although electrocatalytic synthesis represents a promising frontier in energetic materials (EMs) development, the mechanistic understanding of the underlying catalytic processes remains elusive, posing both challenges and opportunities to optimize reaction pathways and enhance material performance…

A state-of-the-art review of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants

Kan Xie; Zhi-Yu Zhang; Shuang Li et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

This paper presents a systematic review of recent advancements in hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based gelled propellants, analyzing their advantages and challenges as next-generation green and high-energy propellants. HAN gelled propellants, typically consist of oxidizers (dominated by HAN), fuel…

Sustainable electrosynthesis of energetic materials: Molecular precision to industrial adaptation - progress and limitations

Yu-qiang Ma; Xin Tang; Dan-dan Zhang et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Conventional synthesis methods, relying on strong acids and high-temperature conditions, suffer from issues such as high pollution, energy consumption, and safety hazards. However, electrochemical synthesis enables precise control of redox pathways through electron transfer, eliminating the use of…

Synthesis and properties of a novel cage-like energetic compound 8,8,9,9-tetranitro-2,4,10-trioxaadamantan-6-yl nitrate

Huan Li; Long Zhu; Tian-jiao Hou et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Oxaadamantane has emerged as a promising parent framework in recent years for designing and synthesizing advanced energetic materials. Herein, a novel cage-like energetic compound, (endo)-8,8,9,9-tetranitro-2,4,10-trioxaadamantan-6-yl nitrate, was synthesized from inositol via eight linear steps…

A novel dual-functional EMOFs containing azide ligands: Synergistic enhancement on ignition and combustion properties of boron powders

Hui-jie Zhang; Jian-bin Li; Xin Yu et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

The applications of boron-based (B) fuels in propulsion and weapon systems are hindered by inefficient combustion and harsh ignition conditions of B particles. Dual-functional energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) were synthesized on B surface by incorporating azide ligands as secondary…

Electrochemically facilitated synthesis of 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azofurazan (DAAF) catalyzed by reduced graphene oxide (rGO): Enhanced efficiency and mechanistic insights

Qi-zhen Zhang; Bo-zhong Pi; Jun-hong Chen et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

The conventional synthesis of azofurazan-based energetic materials relies on rigorous conditions, including high-temperature and the use of strong oxidizing agents (KMnO4/H+). These disadvantages result in safety hazards and environmental concerns for the practical synthesis. Here, an…

Synthesis and ionic assembly of 3-methyl-4-nitro-5- (trinitromethyl) isoxazole (MNTI): Exploring a promising melt-cast explosive candidate

Xian-feng Wang; Feng Yang; Shuai-jie Jiang et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Poor thermal stability is an inherent drawback of trinitromethyl-derived energetic compounds, and improving their thermal stability remains a core research focus in this field. This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of an energetic compound, MNTI, based on…

Facile access to pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide-based heat-resistant energetic materials via a C-N bridging strategy

Xiu-e Jiang; Ming-ren Fan; Rui-hui Wang et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

The growing demand for advanced heat-resistant energetic materials in deep mining and aerospace applications has driven significant research efforts. This study presents four novel energetic compounds (NPX-18 to NPX-21) synthesized via an efficient C-N bridging strategy using nitrogen-rich…

Preparation of hydroxylammonium pentazolate composite microspheres with effective anti-hygroscopicity and their safety

Ze-tan Shen; Lei Chen; Xiang Chen et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Abatract: Hydroxylammonium pentazolate (NH3OHN5) is regarded as a novel energetic material with outstanding performance, yet its practical application has been hindered by significant hygroscopicity and high sensitivity. To address these challenges, this study prepared a series of NH3OHN5-based…

Nitraminepyrazole ligand boosting ignition and catalytic performance of energetic complexes

Bo Wu; Ya-lin Yang; Xu-wen Duan et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

The development of energetic combustion catalysts as combustion catalysts for ammonium perchlorate (AP) has aroused increasing interest in recent years. In this work, five energetic complexes (1–5) were prepared via the coordination of the 3-nitramine-4-nitropyrazole (NANP) ligand and metal…

Ultra-high energetic covalent CON polymeric structures from first-principles investigations

Miao Liu; Jia-jing Yuan; Shuang Liu et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

CON polymeric structures are promising high-energy-density materials. Six new CON polymeric structures (P-3m1-C3O3N, Cm-C2O2N, Cmca–CON2, Amm2-CON3, Amm2-CON4 and C2/m-CON5) with the novel 1D chain, 2D layered, and 3D network-like structures have been proposed by the DFT calculations. Except for…

Octahydrotriborate (B3H8) based hypergolic ionic liquids as ultra-fastignition propellant fuels with superior decomposition efficiency

Rui-lei Guo; Shuai-jie Jiang; Ya-qi Qin et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Hypergolic ionic liquids (HILs) have been investigated to replace traditional toxic hydrazine fuels. Among numerous HILs, borohydride ionic liquids have demonstrated excellent ignition performance and have the potential to be used as a new generation of propellants. In this work, a series of HILs…

Electrochemical nitration to synthesize 1,3,4- trinitropyrazole

Yu-qiu Wang; Ai-jia Tang; Ming Lu et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

To explore a sustainable nitration method for energetic materials, thereby mitigating the risks associated with the use of strong acids and oxidants typically employed in conventional synthesis. The electrochemical construction of N-NO₂ is accomplished via a radical mechanism. This process employs…

A nitrene strategy for the intermolecular thermolytic cyclization of o-nitroazide to fused pyrazolotriazine

Yu-ji Liu; Yuan Lai; Zhi-wei Zeng et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 3 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

Thermolysis is a promising synthetic strategy for compounds inaccessible by direct methods. Herein, a thermolytic cyclization of a pyrazole-based o-nitroazide 3 in weak acids led to the formation of a pyrazolotriazine 4 via a nitrene intermediate. The structure of 4 was verified with 15N NMR…

Revealing reaction kinetics in ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion using an EM-HyChem approach

Xin-zhe Chen; Wei Sun; Yong-jin Wang et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Vol. 7 No. 1 · 2026 · English · DOAJ Scopus

The combustion kinetics of ammonium perchlorate (AP), a key oxidizer in solid propellants, remain debated due to the complexity of its solid-phase decomposition. In this study, the reaction kinetics of AP is resolved by decoupling the complex combustion process into solid-phase pyrolysis and…