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NeuroSci
ISSN 2673-4087 · MDPI AG · 377 articles in the index
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Moyamoya Vasculopathy and Atypical Moyamoya-like Patterns: Insights into Diagnosis and Therapeutic Implications
Purpose: The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on Moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV) by addressing key diagnostic debates—including laterality; genetic subtypes; regional epidemiology; and features distinguishing Moyamoya Disease (MMD), Moyamoya Syndrome (MMS) and their mimics…
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Myelin Basic Protein Post-Translational Modifications Orchestrate Astrocyte Regulatory Networks
Multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis involves not only immune-mediated myelin injury but also glial responses. We examined how three charge isomers of myelin basic protein (MBP)—native (C1), phosphorylated (C4), and citrullinated (C8)—modulate rat astrocytes. Cytokines were quantified and grouped…
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Safety and Efficacy of Stroke Thrombolysis for Patients with Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Literature Review and Nationwide Cohort Study
Background: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is relatively contraindicated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with intracranial vascular malformations per current guidelines. Thus, the presence of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) may complicate treatment decision-making. Methods: We…
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5α-Reductase Isoenzymes: From Neurosteroid Biosynthesis to Neuropsychiatric Outcomes
5a-reductase (5a-R) isozymes are essential for androgen metabolism and neurosteroid biosynthesis, linking endocrinology and neuropsychiatry. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, aimed to synthesize current evidence on the tissue distribution of SRD5A1…
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Disparities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy-Related Mortality in the United States, 2018–2023
Background: Prior SMA mortality studies have shown excess mortality in people with SMA, but the literature lacks data on disparities in SMA-related mortality. This study examined disparities in SMA-related mortality in the United States in the post-treatment era (2018–2023). Methods: This was a…
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Operationalizing the Mind–Body Connection: Interoception via the Autonomic Nervous System
Traditional interoception research investigates cardioception, respiroception, or gastroception as a proxy for the sense of the body as a whole. These single-organ tasks sacrifice construct and ecological validity for a content validity that has been elusive. We propose that interoception is better…
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Functional Networks in Developmental Dyslexia: Auditory Discrimination of Words and Pseudowords
Developmental dyslexia (DD) often involves difficulties in phonological processing of speech. Objectives: While underlying neural changes have been identified in terms of stimulus- and task-related responses within specific brain regions and their neural connectivity, there is still limited…
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Inflammatory Mediators of Alzheimer’s Disease Characterized in a Mouse Model (APP/PS1)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated TAU proteins, and neuroinflammation. The APP/PS1 mouse model is widely used to study AD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression of chemokines and their receptors, which may play a role in AD’s…
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Intravenous Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke Patients with Pituitary Neoplasms: A Nationwide Study and Scoping Review
Objective: The safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with pituitary neoplasms is unclear. This study aims to assess IVT’s safety and efficacy in this patient population. Methods: We reviewed PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science through July 2025 for…
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Spinal Cavernous Malformations: A Narrative Review
The management of spinal cord cavernous malformations (SCCMs) involves critical decisions between surgical and conservative treatments, informed by the patient’s preoperative neurological status, lesion characteristics, and timing of intervention (early or delayed surgery). Surgery remains an…
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Noise-Limited Failure of OGY Chaos Control in Regulating Monosynaptic Reflex Variability in the In Vivo Cat Spinal Cord
Monosynaptic reflexes (MSRs) elicited by constant-intensity group I afferent stimulation exhibit marked amplitude variability, commonly attributed to stochastic presynaptic modulation and dynamic postsynaptic excitability. Here, we tested whether this variability could be attenuated using the…
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Effects of Incremental Mechanical Load on Readiness Potential Amplitude During Voluntary Movement
Voluntary movement arises from a sequence of neural processes that involve planning, preparation, and execution within distributed cortical networks. The readiness potential, a slow negative brain signal preceding self-initiated actions, represents a sensitive indicator of motor preparation…
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The Impact of a Rosemary Containing Drink on Cognition and Mood: The Role of Eye Blink Dynamics
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) has been linked to improvements in psychological wellbeing through cholinergic mechanisms. However, this study investigated whether individual differences in eye blink rate (EBR) and blink variability (EBV), which are proxies of dopaminergic activity and attentional…
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β-Alanine Is an Unexploited Neurotransmitter in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains an unmet medical challenge, as there are no effective therapies that alter the disease’s progression. While approaches have targeted molecules like acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate, these strategies have provided only limited benefits and do not address the complex…
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Multiuser Exercise-Based Telerehabilitation Intervention for Older Adults with Frailty: A Pilot Study
Objectives: This pilot study examined telerehabilitation, which has emerged as a crucial modality in light of recent global challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the effectiveness of a mobile health telerehabilitation intervention developed for older adults with frailty. Methods…
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An Investigation of the Effect of Exercise on Sleep Disturbances and Fatigue Symptoms in Patients Diagnosed with Primary Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review
Background: Patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors often experience fatigue and sleep disturbances, significantly impacting their quality of life. Exercise has been shown to improve these symptoms in various cancer populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of…
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Analysis of the Outcomes Studied in the Application of Invasive and Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Clinical and Preclinical Studies Involving Stroke—A Scoping Review
Background: Currently, there is a considerable number of studies addressing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for the treatment of different stroke-related outcomes. We aimed to promote a broad view of the outcomes studied and what are the opportune outcomes to be studied involving this therapeutic…
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Functional Connectivity Between Human Motor and Somatosensory Areas During a Multifinger Tapping Task: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Hand representation maps of the primate primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (SI) cortices exhibit plasticity, with their spatial extent modifiable through training. While activation and map enlargement during tapping tasks are well documented, the directionality of information flow between these…
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Evolution of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment: A Narrative Review
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment disorder, with a lifetime prevalence estimated at approximately 10%. This narrative review explores the historical evolution, current management strategies, and emerging trends in CTS diagnosis and treatment. Early…
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Exploring the Neural Pathways of Faith: A Review and Case Study on Hyperreligiosity in Epilepsy
Religious experiences represent a universal and timeless phenomenon that has accompanied humanity since its origins. In recent decades, neuroscience has explored the relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hyperreligiosity phenomena, describing sudden convictions, states of ecstasy…