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Perspectives on the use of flavonoids in glioblastoma treatment by targeting adenosine receptors

Katrin Sak

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Flavonoids are a large class of natural polyphenolic substances ubiquitously synthesized in the plant kingdom. When entering the human body, these compounds can exert a wide range of biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects. Over the recent years…

Restorative effects of Aframomum melegueta and Aframomum danielli-supplemented diets on sperm quality and testicular health following scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats

Odunayo M. Agunloye; Esther A. Olawuyi; Ismail A. Oguntade dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Aim: Male infertility resulting from neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalance is a growing health concern. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of Aframomum melegueta and Aframomum danielli-supplemented diets on sperm quality and testicular oxidative damage in a…

Tissue transglutaminase modulates pain but not neuronal survival after nerve injury

Gong-Wei Lyu; Xu-Qiang Pan; Liang Han dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Aim: Tissue transglutaminase [transglutaminase 2 (TG2)] is implicated in central neuronal apoptosis and is expressed in the peripheral nervous system; however, its role in sensory neuron survival and neuropathic pain after nerve injury remains poorly defined. This study examined whether TG2…

Innovations in hydrocephalus modeling: bridging animal models, bioengineering platforms, and precision therapies

Ioannis Angelopoulos

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Hydrocephalus is a complex neurological disease characterized by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation, ventricular enlargement, and progressive neurologic dysfunction. Existing therapies are predominantly surgical, with high complication rates, with high complication rates, prompting…

Retraction: Extracellular vesicles in neurological disorders: emerging roles and underlying molecular mechanisms

Mst. Afsana Mimi; Md. Mahmudul Hasan

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Targeted therapy for brain tumors: overview and application to precision medicine

Herbert B. Newton; Beddome C. Allen

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Targeted cancer therapies for cancer treatment are at the forefront of cancer treatments. The identification of pathologic cell signaling pathways in cancer cells via precision medicine enables the development of new therapies to target the underpinning molecular changes within tumor cells…

Colon cancer in a patient with a mosaic monoallelic germline pathogenic NF1 gene variant

Feras Alsabagh; Karam M. Chaaban; Marlene Girardo dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor gene NF1 cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), one of the most common hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. Pathogenic NF1 variants have been associated with an increased risk of several cancers; however, the relationship between NF1 variation and…

Targeting MAPK9 in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanistic insights, phytochemical modulators, and emerging computational approaches

Sarah Otun; Ikechukwu Achilonu

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

The protein Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9) (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 [JNK2]) is a critical signalling molecule involved in cellular survival, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the programming of cell death. This is because there has been emerging evidence of the effects of the…

The emerging role of nanobiomaterials in the early detection and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Abraham Olufemi Asuku; Peace Ayo Olaoluwa

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

The neurodegenerative condition known as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is defined chiefly by intraneuronal tangles, large-scale neuronal death, and dementia. Although much progress has been made in Alzheimer’s research, early diagnosis of the disease and effective treatment are difficult; conventional…

Haematological indices as markers of neuropathic pain in Nigerian cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

Ogochukwu Izuegbuna; Saburi Oyewale; Chijioke Chidindu Adindu dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Aim: Neuropathic pain (NP) is common in cancer patients, but its relationship with haematological inflammatory markers remains poorly understood. This study explored the association between NP and haematological parameters in Nigerian cancer patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 90…

Integrating epilepsy and other comorbidities into autism spectrum disorder research: a call for animal models

Inna S. Midzyanovskaya

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by core social communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors. The majority of cases present with certain medical and psychiatric comorbidities. These include epilepsy…

Cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury: mechanisms, clinical profiles, and implications for cognitive remediation and functional recovery

Giulio Verrienti; Simona Tundo; Gionata Merico dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long-term neurological and psychiatric morbidity and is frequently associated with persistent cognitive impairment. Deficits in attention, memory, processing speed, and executive dysfunctions are among the most commonly reported cognitive sequelae…

Neural glial network instability in epilepsy

Moawiah M Naffaa

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Epilepsy is traditionally defined by recurrent seizures arising from abnormal neuronal excitability, yet growing evidence indicates that this view is incomplete. This narrative review examines epilepsy through the framework of neural–glial network instability, an integrative perspective that places…

The “lactate window” hypothesis: exercise-induced lactate dynamics in neurometabolic remodeling and symptom-dimensional exercise prescription for depression

Jianda Kong

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for depressive symptoms, but the biological mechanisms underlying its intensity-dependent and symptom-specific effects remain incompletely defined. This review proposes the “lactate window” hypothesis as a testable mechanistic model, not as…

Type 2 diabetes in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: Intertwined global health issues brewing on the horizon

Zsolt G. Venkei; Masha G. Savelieff

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Type 2 diabetes continues to grow in prevalence globally due to contemporary dietary patterns and physical inactivity. Among its multiple complications, neurological injury is a long-known consequence of diabetes, especially in the peripheral nerve as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, the…

The Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) longitudinal study protocol: Phase 4 (“Enrichment”) and Phase 5 (“Rescan”)

Ina Demetriou; Adam Attaheri; Tina Bingham dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

The Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) started in 2010 to study the effect of healthy adult ageing on cognition and the brain in a population-derived sample. The study design and protocol for Phases 1–3 of Cam-CAN were detailed in 10.1186/s12883-014-0204-1; this paper outlines…

Thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease: experimental evidence and neuroprotective mechanisms

Jamil A. Chahrour; Marwa Rammal; Zaher Abdel Baki dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, has gained great attention for its neuroprotective properties, especially for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options. This review provides several experimental…

MK-801-induced cognitive dysfunction in a schizophrenia model: mechanistic links between interstitial fluid drainage impairment and neural metabolic disturbances

Xin Mao; Tianzi Gao; Shufan Yang dkk.

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Aim: To investigate the mechanisms underlying MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like cognitive dysfunction by examining the interplay between brain interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage impairment, myelin structural integrity, and regional neurometabolic disturbances. Methods: Mice received chronic…

Exercise and brain health in long COVID: mechanisms and therapeutic implications for neuropsychiatric disorders

Giulio Verrienti

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

Psychiatric and neurological disorders represent a major global health burden, often characterized by chronic disability and incomplete response to pharmacological treatments. The emergence of long COVID has further contributed to this challenge, introducing persistent neuropsychiatric and…

Protein aggregation in progressive myoclonus epilepsies and related syndromes

Eva Žerovnik

Exploration of Neuroscience, Vol. 5 · 2026 · Inggris · DOAJ

For this review paper, data on protein misfolding and aggregation in progressive myoclonus epilepsies and some developmental encephalopathies are gathered. There is evidence that in some cases of monogenic epilepsies, misfolding of the mutated protein takes place, often leading to protein…