Biblio Discovery

A large repertoire of natural object manipulation tasks require precisely coupled symmetrical opposing forces by both hands on a single object. We asked how the lateralized brain handles this basic problem of spatial and temporal coordination. We show that the brain consistently appoints one of the…

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X Chromosomes Alternate between Two States prior to Random X-Inactivation

Susanna Mlynarczyk-Evans; Morgan Royce-Tolland; Mary Kate Alexander et al.

PLoS Biology, Vol. 4 No. 6 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Early in the development of female mammals, one of the two X chromosomes is silenced in half of cells and the other X chromosome is silenced in the remaining half. The basis of this apparent randomness is not understood. We show that before X-inactivation, the two X chromosomes appear to exist in…

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A Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase-Dependent Signal Transition Regulates ARF1 and ARF6 during Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis

Peter Beemiller; Adam D Hoppe; Joel A Swanson

PLoS Biology, Vol. 4 No. 6 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Fcγ receptor (FcγR)–mediated phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles is regulated by 3′-phosphoinositides (3′PIs) and several classes of small GTPases, including ARF6 from the ADP Ribosylation Factor subfamily. The insensitivity of phagocytosis to brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of certain ARF guanine…

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Climate, Deer, Rodents, and Acorns as Determinants of Variation in Lyme-Disease Risk

Richard S Ostfeld; Charles D Canham; Kelly Oggenfuss et al.

PLoS Biology, Vol. 4 No. 6 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Risk of human exposure to vector-borne zoonotic pathogens is a function of the abundance and infection prevalence of vectors. We assessed the determinants of Lyme-disease risk (density and Borrelia burgdorferi-infection prevalence of nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks) over 13 y on several field plots…

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Dynamic Interaction of TTDA with TFIIH Is Stabilized by Nucleotide Excision Repair in Living Cells

Giuseppina Giglia-Mari; Catherine Miquel; Arjan F Theil et al.

PLoS Biology, Vol. 4 No. 6 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Transcription/repair factor IIH (TFIIH) is essential for RNA polymerase II transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER). This multi-subunit complex consists of ten polypeptides, including the recently identified small 8-kDa trichothiodystrophy group A (TTDA)/ hTFB5 protein. Patients belonging…

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Trends in Suicidology: Personality as an Endophenotype for Molecular Genetic Investigations

Jonathan B Savitz; Cinda-Lee Cupido; Rajkumar S Ramesar

PLoS Medicine, Vol. 3 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

In studying the genetics of suicide, should personality be used as an endophenotype (an intermediate trait lying somewhere on the developmental pathway from genes to phenotype)?

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Promoting Regional Health Cooperation: The South Asian Public Health Forum

Rana Jawad Asghar

PLoS Medicine, Vol. 3 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

One of the ways in which health professionals can help to improve the poor state of public health in South Asia is through regional cooperation and collaboration.

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Does α + -Thalassaemia Protect against Malaria?

Geoffrey Pasvol

PLoS Medicine, Vol. 3 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Pasvol discusses a new study in PLoS Medicine that shows that α+-thalassemia protects against severe but not mild malaria.

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Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping of CHEK2: Common Variation and Breast Cancer Risk

Kristjana Einarsdóttir; Keith Humphreys; Carine Bonnard et al.

PLoS Medicine, Vol. 3 No. 6 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Background: Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) averts cancer development by promoting cell cycle arrest and activating DNA repair in genetically damaged cells. Previous investigation has established a role for the CHEK2 gene in breast cancer aetiology, but studies have largely been limited to the rare…

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ApoE Plasma Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Old Age

Simon P Mooijaart; Jimmy F. P Berbée; Diana van Heemst et al.

PLoS Medicine, Vol. 3 No. 6 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Background: The ε2, ε3, and ε4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) encode three isoforms, apoE2, E3, and E4, respectively. The apoE isoforms circulate in different plasma concentrations, but plasma concentrations of the same isoform also differ between individuals. Whereas the isoforms have…

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Differential Repression of Alternative Transcripts: A Screen for miRNA Targets

Matthieu Legendre; William Ritchie; Fabrice Lopez et al.

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol. 2 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Alternative polyadenylation sites produce transcript isoforms with 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of different lengths. If a microRNA (miRNA) target is present in the UTR, then only those target-containing isoforms should be sensitive to control by a cognate miRNA. We carried out a systematic…

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Spatial Regulation and the Rate of Signal Transduction Activation

Nizar N Batada; Larry A Shepp; David O Siegmund et al.

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol. 2 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Of the many important signaling events that take place on the surface of a mammalian cell, activation of signal transduction pathways via interactions of cell surface receptors is one of the most important. Evidence suggests that cell surface proteins are not as freely diffusible as implied by the…

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Inferring Loss-of-Heterozygosity from Unpaired Tumors Using High-Density Oligonucleotide SNP Arrays

Rameen Beroukhim; Ming Lin; Yuhyun Park et al.

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol. 2 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomal regions bearing tumor suppressors is a key event in the evolution of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Identification of these regions usually relies on genotyping tumor and counterpart normal DNA and noting regions where heterozygous alleles in the…

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Dynamic Changes in Subgraph Preference Profiles of Crucial Transcription Factors

Zhihua Zhang; Changning Liu; Geir Skogerbø et al.

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol. 2 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

Transcription factors with a large number of target genes—transcription hub(s), or THub(s)—are usually crucial components of the regulatory system of a cell, and the different patterns through which they transfer the transcriptional signal to downstream cascades are of great interest. By profiling…

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The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci

Katja Laun; Penny Coggill; Sophie Palmer et al.

PLoS Genetics, Vol. 2 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

The innate and adaptive immune systems of vertebrates possess complementary, but intertwined functions within immune responses. Receptors of the mammalian innate immune system play an essential role in the detection of infected or transformed cells and are vital for the initiation and regulation of…

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Genome Sequence of Rickettsia bellii Illuminates the Role of Amoebae in Gene Exchanges between Intracellular Pathogens

Hiroyuki Ogata; Bernard La Scola; Stéphane Audic et al.

PLoS Genetics, Vol. 2 No. 5 · 2006 · English · PLOS Scopus

The recently sequenced Rickettsia felis genome revealed an unexpected plasmid carrying several genes usually associated with DNA transfer, suggesting that ancestral rickettsiae might have been endowed with a conjugation apparatus. Here we present the genome sequence of Rickettsia bellii, the…

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