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High Guanine and Cytosine Content Increases mRNA Levels in Mammalian Cells
Mammalian genes are highly heterogeneous with respect to their nucleotide composition, but the functional consequences of this heterogeneity are not clear. In the previous studies, weak positive or negative correlations have been found between the silent-site guanine and cytosine (GC) content and…
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The Commission on Social Determinants of Health: Tackling the Social Roots of Health Inequities
The goal of the commission, launched in March 2005, is to strengthen health equity by catalysing policy and institutional change to address the social determinants of health.
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The Limits of Reductionism in Medicine: Could Systems Biology Offer an Alternative?
In the first of a two part series, Ahn and colleagues discuss the reductionist approach pervading medicine and explain how a systems approach (as advocated by systems biology) may complement reductionism.
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The Clinical Applications of a Systems Approach
In the second of a two part series, Ahn and colleagues provide a practical discussion of how a systems approach will affect clinical medicine, using diabetes as an example.
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Genome Microevolution of Chikungunya Viruses Causing the Indian Ocean Outbreak
Background: A chikungunya virus outbreak of unprecedented magnitude is currently ongoing in Indian Ocean territories. In Réunion Island, this alphavirus has already infected about one-third of the human population. The main clinical symptom of the disease is a painful and invalidating…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
PLoS Computational Biology Issue Image | Vol. 2(5) May 2006
Local fitness environments along an evolutionary path: The image depicts local fitness environments along an evolutionary path. The surfaces are based on measured data, and show the changes in fitness that can be achieved by a single base pair substitution. The first disc represents a duplicate…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
PLoS Genetics Issue Image | Vol. 2(5) May 2006
Expression of a multi-copy myo-3::GFP transgene: Shown here is the expression of a multi-copy myo-3::GFP transgene in a SynMuv B mutant treated with and without NAi of a SynMuv suppressor gene in Caenorhabditis elegans (left and right, respectively). Multiple chromatin remodeling complexes are…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
PLoS Pathogens Issue Image | Vol. 2(5) May 2006
Chlamydia recruits BAD protein: Chlamydia trachomatis promotes survival of the infected host cell, allowing the bacteria to complete their infection cycle. Shown here are Chlamydia vacuoles (green) that have recruited the death-inducing protein BAD. When released from the vacuoles, BAD helps to…
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Transcription Factor Map Alignment of Promoter Regions
We address the problem of comparing and characterizing the promoter regions of genes with similar expression patterns. This remains a challenging problem in sequence analysis, because often the promoter regions of co-expressed genes do not show discernible sequence conservation. In our approach…
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Expression-Guided In Silico Evaluation of Candidate Cis Regulatory Codes for Drosophila Muscle Founder Cells
While combinatorial models of transcriptional regulation can be inferred for metazoan systems from a priori biological knowledge, validation requires extensive and time-consuming experimental work. Thus, there is a need for computational methods that can evaluate hypothesized cis regulatory codes…
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Protein Family Expansions and Biological Complexity
During the course of evolution, new proteins are produced very largely as the result of gene duplication, divergence and, in many cases, combination. This means that proteins or protein domains belong to families or, in cases where their relationships can only be recognised on the basis of…
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Evolutionary Potential of a Duplicated Repressor-Operator Pair: Simulating Pathways Using Mutation Data
Ample evidence has accumulated for the evolutionary importance of duplication events. However, little is known about the ensuing step-by-step divergence process and the selective conditions that allow it to progress. Here we present a computational study on the divergence of two repressors after…
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Discordance of Species Trees with Their Most Likely Gene Trees
Because of the stochastic way in which lineages sort during speciation, gene trees may differ in topology from each other and from species trees. Surprisingly, assuming that genetic lineages follow a coalescent model of within-species evolution, we find that for any species tree topology with five…
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The Jewels of Our Genome: The Search for the Genomic Changes Underlying the Evolutionarily Unique Capacities of the Human Brain
The recent publication of the initial sequence and analysis of the chimp genome allows us, for the first time, to compare our genome with that of our closest living evolutionary relative. With more primate genome sequences being pursued, and with other genome-wide, cross-species comparative…
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Changes in Gene Expression Foreshadow Diet-Induced Obesity in Genetically Identical Mice
High phenotypic variation in diet-induced obesity in male C57BL/6J inbred mice suggests a molecular model to investigate non-genetic mechanisms of obesity. Feeding mice a high-fat diet beginning at 8 wk of age resulted in a 4-fold difference in adiposity. The phenotypes of mice characteristic of…
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Crossing the Line: Selection and Evolution of Virulence Traits
The evolution of pathogens presents a paradox. Pathogenic species are often absolutely dependent on their host species for their propagation through evolutionary time, yet the pathogenic lifestyle requires that the host be damaged during this dependence. It is clear that pathogenic strategies are…
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Host–Pathogen Interactions: A Biological Rendez-Vous of the Infectious Nonself and Danger Models?
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Extreme Sequence Divergence but Conserved Ligand-Binding Specificity in Streptococcus pyogenes M Protein
Many pathogenic microorganisms evade host immunity through extensive sequence variability in a protein region targeted by protective antibodies. In spite of the sequence variability, a variable region commonly retains an important ligand-binding function, reflected in the presence of a highly…
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