3.382 hasil
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Inferring the Demographic History and Rate of Adaptive Substitution in Drosophila
An important goal of population genetics is to determine the forces that have shaped the pattern of genetic variation in natural populations. We developed a maximum likelihood method that allows us to infer demographic changes and detect recent positive selection (selective sweeps) in populations…
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Cell Size Checkpoint Control by the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Pathway
Size control is essential for all proliferating cells, and is thought to be regulated by checkpoints that couple cell size to cell cycle progression. The aberrant cell-size phenotypes caused by mutations in the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor pathway are consistent with a role in size…
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Forces Shaping the Fastest Evolving Regions in the Human Genome
Comparative genomics allow us to search the human genome for segments that were extensively changed in the last ~5 million years since divergence from our common ancestor with chimpanzee, but are highly conserved in other species and thus are likely to be functional. We found 202 genomic elements…
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Phylogenetic Relationships of the Wolbachia of Nematodes and Arthropods
Wolbachia are well known as bacterial symbionts of arthropods, where they are reproductive parasites, but have also been described from nematode hosts, where the symbiotic interaction has features of mutualism. The majority of arthropod Wolbachia belong to clades A and B, while nematode Wolbachia…
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COPI Activity Coupled with Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Is Required for Viral Replication
During infection by diverse viral families, RNA replication occurs on the surface of virally induced cytoplasmic membranes of cellular origin. How this process is regulated, and which cellular factors are required, has been unclear. Moreover, the host–pathogen interactions that facilitate the…
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Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens
Many bacterial pathogens employ a type III secretion system to deliver type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) into host cells, where they interact directly with host substrates to modulate defense pathways and promote disease. This interaction creates intense selective pressures on these secreted…
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Two Plasmodium Rhomboid Proteases Preferentially Cleave Different Adhesins Implicated in All Invasive Stages of Malaria
Invasion of host cells by the malaria pathogen Plasmodium relies on parasite transmembrane adhesins that engage host-cell receptors. Adhesins must be released by cleavage before the parasite can enter the cell, but the processing enzymes have remained elusive. Recent work indicates that the…
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An Unexpected Connection: Potassium Limitation and Ammonium Toxicity in Yeast
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Correction: Evolution of Melanopsin Photoreceptors: Discovery and Characterization of a New Melanopsin in Nonmammalian Vertebrates
A new melanopsin gene, identified in fish, bird, and amphibian genomes, is the true ortholog of the melanopsin gene previously described in mammals.
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Correction: Math and Fossils Resolve a Debate on Dinosaur Metabolism
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How to Win the Nobel Prize?
One Nobel laureate reviews another's account of "The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Nobel Prize. A Life in Science.".
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The Impact of T Cell Intrinsic Antigen Adaptation on Peripheral Immune Tolerance
Overlapping roles have been ascribed for T cell anergy, clonal deletion, and regulation in the maintenance of peripheral immunological tolerance. A measurement of the individual and additive impacts of each of these processes on systemic tolerance is often lacking. In this report we have used…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Repeating Patterns of Mimicry
Axel Meyer discusses how evolution frequently converges on similar mimetic patterns in different species.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
To Lose Both Would Look Like Carelessness: Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumour Disease
How can you manage an emerging disease threat--in this case, Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease--that poses a serious conservation threat, when so little is known about the disease?
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Plasticity of Astrocytic Coverage and Glutamate Transporter Expression in Adult Mouse Cortex
Astrocytes play a major role in the removal of glutamate from the extracellular compartment. This clearance limits the glutamate receptor activation and affects the synaptic response. This function of the astrocyte is dependent on its positioning around the synapse, as well as on the level of…
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Seed Dispersal and Spatial Pattern in Tropical Trees
Theories of tropical tree diversity emphasize dispersal limitation as a potential mechanism for separating species in space and reducing competitive exclusion. We compared the dispersal morphologies, fruit sizes, and spatial distributions of 561 tree species within a fully mapped, 50-hectare plot…
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Priority Setting for Pandemic Influenza: An Analysis of National Preparedness Plans
The authors provide a targeted review of national pandemic influenza plans from the developed and developing world, describing national variations in prioritization of vaccines and antiviral medications.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Mortality in Pharmacologically Treated Older Adults with Diabetes: The Cardiovascular Health Study, 1989–2001
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) confers an increased risk of mortality in young and middle-aged individuals and in women. It is uncertain, however, whether excess DM mortality continues beyond age 75 years, is related to type of hypoglycemic therapy, and whether women continue to be…
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