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Artikel Jurnal
Theories of motivation: A comprehensive analysis of human behavior drivers
This paper explores theories of motivation, including instinct theory, arousal theory, incentive theory, intrinsic theory, extrinsic theory, the ARCS model, self-determination theory, expectancy-value theory, and goal-orientation theory. Each theory is described in detail, along with its key…
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Roles, Users, Benefits, and Limitations of Chatbots in Health Care: Rapid Review
BACKGROUND: Chatbots, or conversational agents, have emerged as significant tools in health care, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence and digital technology. These programs are designed to simulate human conversations, addressing various health care needs. However, no comprehensive…
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Oxygen Vacancies Trigger Rapid Charge Transport Channels at the Engineered Interface of S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance
Abstract Although oxygen vacancies (Ovs) have been intensively studied in single semiconductor photocatalysts, exploration of intrinsic mechanisms and in‐depth understanding of Ovs in S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are still limited. Herein, a novel S‐scheme photocatalyst made from WO 3…
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The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action
Record-breaking temperatures were recorded across the globe in 2023. Without climate action, adverse climate-related health impacts are expected to worsen worldwide, affecting billions of people. Temperatures in Europe are warming at twice the rate of the global average, threatening the health of…
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Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language Models
Abstract Do large language models (LLMs) know the law? LLMs are increasingly being used to augment legal practice, education, and research, yet their revolutionary potential is threatened by the presence of “hallucinations”—textual output that is not consistent with legal facts. We present the…
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The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of congenital birth defects, 1990–2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2040
Background: Congenital birth defects (CBDs) present enormous challenges to global healthcare systems. These conditions severely impact patients' health and underscore issues related to socioeconomic development and healthcare accessibility and efficiency. Previous studies have been geographically…
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Overview of oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes
The global prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly, leading to various complications and a negative impact on quality of life. Hyperglycemia hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are closely associated with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes…
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Large language models for generative information extraction: a survey
Abstract Information Extraction (IE) aims to extract structural knowledge from plain natural language texts. Recently, generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation. As a result, numerous works have been proposed to integrate…
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Perioperative Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients With Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Importance: Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy have improved clinical outcomes for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal combination of checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy remains unknown. Objective: To determine whether toripalimab in…
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Prompt engineering in consistency and reliability with the evidence-based guideline for LLMs
The use of large language models (LLMs) in clinical medicine is currently thriving. Effectively transferring LLMs' pertinent theoretical knowledge from computer science to their application in clinical medicine is crucial. Prompt engineering has shown potential as an effective method in this…
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Fenton-like activity and pathway modulation via single-atom sites and pollutants comediates the electron transfer process
The studies on the origin of versatile oxidation pathways toward targeted pollutants in the single-atom catalysts (SACs)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems were always associated with the coordination structures rather than the perspective of pollutant characteristics, and the analysis of mechanism…
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Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis ALong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS): Revisiting the Meaning and Significance of the Method
More than 5 years have passed since the Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis ALong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) method was proposed with the intention of evaluating the glymphatic system. This method is handy due to its noninvasiveness, provision of a simple index in a straightforward formula, and…
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Changes in lean body mass with glucagon‐like peptide ‐1‐based therapies and mitigation strategies
Weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists is coming closer to the magnitudes achieved with surgery. However, with greater weight loss there is concern…
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A framework for human evaluation of large language models in healthcare derived from literature review
With generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, assessing LLMs with human evaluations is essential to assuring safety and effectiveness. This study reviews existing literature on human evaluation methodologies for…
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: heterogeneous pathomechanisms and effectiveness of metabolism-based treatment
The global epidemic of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing worldwide. People with MASLD can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and…
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Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly…
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Advancing Precision Medicine: A Review of Innovative In Silico Approaches for Drug Development, Clinical Pharmacology and Personalized Healthcare
The landscape of medical treatments is undergoing a transformative shift. Precision medicine has ushered in a revolutionary era in healthcare by individualizing diagnostics and treatments according to each patient's uniquely evolving health status. This groundbreaking method of tailoring disease…
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Integrative spatial analysis reveals a multi-layered organization of glioblastoma
Glioma contains malignant cells in diverse states. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and computational approaches to define glioma cellular states and uncover their organization. We find three prominent modes of organization. First, gliomas are composed of small local…
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Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention…
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Artikel Jurnal
The European Union One Health 2023 Zoonoses report
Abstract This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of zoonoses monitoring and surveillance activities carried out in 2023 in 27 Member States (MSs), the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) and 10 non‐MSs. Key…
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