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Carbon footprint assessment and crashworthiness evaluation of alloy steel W-beam guardrails
In response to the dual demands of enhancing safety and greening transportation infrastructure under China’s “Dual Carbon” goals, this study overcomes the limitations of traditional guardrail materials and processes by proposing and validating a synergistic pathway for optimizing both the safety…
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Pretraining effective T5 generative models for clinical and biomedical applications
This paper presents a study of the impact of corpus selection and vocabulary design on the performance of T5-based language models in clinical and biomedical domains. We introduce five different T5-EHR models, each pretrained from scratch using different combinations of clinical and biomedical…
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High-frequency vs. low-frequency MIDI-assisted group music therapy in psychiatric inpatients: A randomized controlled trial
Background: Music therapy has been increasingly incorporated into psychiatric inpatient care as an adjunctive intervention; however, evidence regarding its comparative effectiveness, particularly with respect to intervention intensity during brief psychiatric hospitalizations, remains limited. Most…
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Hydrogeology, groundwater salinity distributions, and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities on groundwater in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California
This study seeks to determine the effects of oil field produced water disposal operations and well mechanical integrity issues on groundwater quality in oil fields in the southwest San Joaquin Valley, California. Whereas previous studies used groundwater wells to study shallow aquifers outside the…
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Equity, accessibility, and public health implications of digital platforms delivering real-time air quality information: A technology review
According to the World Health Organization, air pollution is the largest environmental risk to global health, with 99% of the world’s population living in areas exceeding recommended guidelines. Providing real-time air quality information through mobile or web-based applications, alongside…
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Evaluating pump-assisted larval transfer for scaling coral larval restoration interventions
Globally, multiple techniques are being trialed to accelerate ecosystem recovery in shallow coastal habitats. One technique aims to boost propagule supply in areas where the current supply is insufficient to re-establish depleted populations to ecologically significant levels. However, transferring…
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Leveraging deep learning to infer continuous predictions from ordinal labels in medical imaging
In clinical medicine, variables like disease severity are often categorized into discrete ordinal labels such as normal/mild/moderate/severe. However, these labels, commonly used to train and evaluate disease severity prediction models, simplify an underlying continuous severity spectrum. Using…
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Mass drug administration approved and candidate anthelmintics beginning on larval stage 1 Caenorhabditis elegans are generally potent, suggesting a novel, pre-infective control for helminths
About 1.5 billion people are infected with at least one of three soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) — roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm— which have devastating outcomes for growth, nutrition, cognition, and school attendance, trapping them in poverty. The WHO currently approves only two…
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Beyond the bamboo ceiling: How ethnic collaborative networks facilitate Chinese inventors’ knowledge remittances
Previous research on the “bamboo ceiling” has focused on how ethnic homophily limits career advancement for East Asian immigrants. However, less is known about how their ethnic collaborative networks as U.S. Chinese immigrant inventors may facilitate knowledge remittances to their home countries…
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Survival status and predictors of mortality among preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at public hospitals of Harari region and Dire Dawa administration, eastern Ethiopia: Retrospective cohort study 2025
Background: The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for an infant’s survival, particularly for preterm neonates. Preterm birth is among the leading causes of neonatal mortality. Many neonatal complications can be prevented, but preterm birth remains a leading cause of admission, death, and…
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Evaluating the implementation and impact of the HEart faiLure carer support Programme (HELP) in the United Kingdom: A study protocol for a multi-centre, mixed-method, implementation study
Background: Informal carers (i.e., family members or friends) of patients with heart failure are ill-prepared and under-supported for their caregiving role. To address this issue, the HEart faiLure carer support Programme was co-designed with carers and healthcare professionals, with pilot testing…
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Development of a layer-wise in-situ laser-based dimensional monitoring system with post-mechanical characterization of synthesized polylactic acid 3D prints in FDM additive manufacturing
High-dimensional accuracy is difficult to obtain in 3D printing techniques such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the causes of dimensional inaccuracy in FDM printing were reviewed and a new Laser-Based Dimensional Measurement System…
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Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL) for gastric cancer with positive peritoneal lavage and/or stamp cytology: An exploratory phase II study
Background: Our group revealed that the combination of intra-operative stamp cytology and peritoneal lavage cytology (CY) improved the identification of individuals with high risk of peritoneal metastasis. In this exploratory Phase II study, we aimed to evaluate the effect on relapse-free survival…
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EAC-Agent: A deep learning framework for multimodal emotion-aware conversational agent with contextual response generation
Conversational agents, commonly referred to as chatbots, have become an integral part of various important applications, such as customer support and virtual assistants in enterprise-level solutions. Despite their widespread use, current solutions predominantly rely on a single modality input…
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Name use by companion parrots
Humans organize social interactions in part by referring to others using proper names (hereafter “names”). Names might also facilitate the complex social lives of animals. Several animal species produce name-like signature sounds in nature and can vocally target interaction partners, but…
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A comparative analysis of academic outcomes in blended versus traditional instructional approaches: An examination within the context of the National Medical Licensing Examination
Objective: This research examines the distinctions between the blended teaching approach and the traditional instructional method within the context of pathophysiology, utilizing the Practicing Physician Qualification Examination as a foundational framework. The objective is to elucidate the…
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ATRA influences the differentiation and fusion of myoblasts by regulating Rarα/Pitx2, leading to abnormal development of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) in fetal rats
Anorectal malformation (ARM) is the most common congenital digestive tract anomaly in newborns, and children with ARM often have varying degrees of underdevelopment of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs). To explore the effects of Rarα (NR1B1) and Pitx2 on the development of rat PFMs, we constructed a…
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Optimization of irrigation scheduling for maize in arid regions Northwest China based on water stress diagnosis in models
Water stress is an important factor affecting maize yield in arid areas. By optimizing the irrigation scheduling for maize based on water stress conditions, precise and efficient irrigation could be achieved. Based on the sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation of parameters in the Soil…
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Rural residence and mental health among US Veterans: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
Background: Military veterans are at higher risk of mental health conditions compared to civilians. Some residential characteristics may increase the odds of mental health conditions, but other studies have not examined location attributes (i.e., residential rurality, community social…
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Impact of prophylactic oral azithromycin during labor on Azithromycin Resistance (AMR) in nasal Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in women and infants in the multi-country Azithromycin Prevention in Labor Use Study (A-PLUS)
Background: Prophylactic oral azithromycin vs. placebo reduced maternal, but not neonatal, mortality/sepsis in the A-PLUS Randomized Trial. While prophylactic intrapartum azithromycin reduces maternal mortality/sepsis, it may promote antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal bacteria,. Methods…
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