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Correction: Viruses' Life History: Towards a Mechanistic Basis of a Trade-Off between Survival and Reproduction among Phages
A comparison of life-history traits of 16 phages infecting E. coli reveals that although these viruses don't age, there is a trade-off between mortality and growth rate, which parallels that observed in many other species.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
A Distributed Chemosensory Circuit for Oxygen Preference in C. elegans
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has complex, naturally variable behavioral responses to environmental oxygen, food, and other animals. C. elegans detects oxygen through soluble guanylate cyclase homologs (sGCs) and responds to it differently depending on the activity of the neuropeptide…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Biodiversity Loss Threatens Human Well-Being
Biodiversity lies at the core of ecosystem processes fueling our planet's vital life-support systems; its degradation--by us--is threatening our own well-being and will disproportionately impact the poor.
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Health Development versus Medical Relief: The Illusion versus the Irrelevance of Sustainability
Ooms explores the ongoing "turf battle" between advocates of medical relief and advocates of health development.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Which Topical Microbicides for Blocking HIV-1 Transmission Will Work in the Real World?
Klasse and colleagues discuss key research on the four crucial issues in developing a microbicide: safety, acceptability, efficacy, and affordability.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Is IL-10 a Good Target to Inhibit Choroidal Neovascularisation in Age-Related Macular Disease?
Lightman discusses a new study that found that in a mouse model of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), IL-10-deficient mice had decreased amounts of CNV.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Macrophages Inhibit Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50 y of age in at least three continents. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the process by which abnormal blood vessels develop underneath the retina. CNV develops in 10% of patients with AMD but…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Infectious Diseases, Climate Influences, and Nonstationarity
Cazelles and Hales discuss a new study that uses a range of mathematical tools to illustrate a clear relationship between climatic variables and the dynamics of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Climate Cycles and Forecasts of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, a Nonstationary Vector-Borne Disease
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the main emergent diseases in the Americas. As in other vector-transmitted diseases, its transmission is sensitive to the physical environment, but no study has addressed the nonstationary nature of such relationships or the interannual patterns of…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Interleukin-32 Production through a Caspase- 1/IL-18/Interferon-γ-Dependent Mechanism
Background: Interleukin (IL)–32 is a newly described proinflammatory cytokine that seems likely to play a role in inflammation and host defense. Little is known about the regulation of IL-32 production by primary cells of the immune system. Methods and Findings: In the present study, freshly…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
IL-32: An Emerging Player in the Immune Response Network against Tuberculosis?
IL-32 has emerged as an important player in innate and adaptive immune responses. Kundu and Basu discuss a new study in PLoS Medicine that explored the role of IL-32 in the context of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Multiple Pathways Give a No-Frills Nervous System a Flexible Oxygen Response
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Modeling Somatic Evolution in Tumorigenesis
Tumorigenesis in humans is thought to be a multistep process where certain mutations confer a selective advantage, allowing lineages derived from the mutated cell to outcompete other cells. Although molecular cell biology has substantially advanced cancer research, our understanding of the…
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High Epitope Expression Levels Increase Competition between T Cells
Both theoretical predictions and experimental findings suggest that T cell populations can compete with each other. There is some debate on whether T cells compete for aspecific stimuli, such as access to the surface on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or for specific stimuli, such as their cognate…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Conservation of Expression and Sequence of Metabolic Genes Is Reflected by Activity Across Metabolic States
Variation in gene expression levels on a genomic scale has been detected among different strains, among closely related species, and within populations of genetically identical cells. What are the driving forces that lead to expression divergence in some genes and conserved expression in others?…
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The Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene (UCP1) Is Disrupted in the Pig Lineage: A Genetic Explanation for Poor Thermoregulation in Piglets
Piglets appear to lack brown adipose tissue, a specific type of fat that is essential for nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals, and they rely on shivering as the main mechanism for thermoregulation. Here we provide a genetic explanation for the poor thermoregulation in pigs as we demonstrate that…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Novel STAT1 Alleles in Otherwise Healthy Patients with Mycobacterial Disease
The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) plays a key role in immunity against mycobacterial and viral infections. Here, we characterize three human STAT1 germline alleles from otherwise healthy patients with mycobacterial disease. The previously reported…
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