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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Genomic and Metabolic Studies of the Impact of Probiotics on a Model Gut Symbiont and Host
Probiotics are deliberately ingested preparations of live bacterial species that confer health benefits on the host. Many of these species are associated with the fermentation of dairy products. Despite their increasing use, the molecular details of the impact of various probiotic preparations on…
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Rarity Value and Species Extinction: The Anthropogenic Allee Effect
Standard economic theory predicts that exploitation alone is unlikely to result in species extinction because of the escalating costs of finding the last individuals of a declining species. We argue that the human predisposition to place exaggerated value on rarity fuels disproportionate…
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Drosophila NMNAT Maintains Neural Integrity Independent of Its NAD Synthesis Activity
Wallerian degeneration refers to a loss of the distal part of an axon after nerve injury. Wallerian degeneration slow (Wlds) mice overexpress a chimeric protein containing the NAD synthase NMNAT (nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1) and exhibit a delay in axonal degeneration…
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Autophagy Counterbalances Endoplasmic Reticulum Expansion during the Unfolded Protein Response
The protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR senses unfolded proteins in the ER lumen and transmits that information to the cell nucleus, where it drives a transcriptional program that is tailored to re-establish…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
An Unexpected Sequence of Events: Mismatch Detection in the Human Hippocampus
The ability to identify and react to novelty within the environment is fundamental to survival. Computational models emphasize the potential role of the hippocampus in novelty detection, its unique anatomical circuitry making it ideally suited to act as a comparator between past and present…
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In the Gut’s Microbial Community, One Plus One Equals Many (Effects)
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Putting It Together: AIDS and the Millennium Development Goals
Failure to halt and reverse the HIV/AIDS epidemic, say the authors, will continue to jeopardize progress on achieving a wide range of the MDGs.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Does HIV Cause Cardiovascular Disease?
The authors discuss a study in PLoS Biology that investigated whether the lower levels of HDL cholesterol in patients with HIV may be due to impaired cholesterol efflux from macrophages.
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Population Pharmacokinetics of Artesunate and Dihydroartemisinin following Intra-Rectal Dosing of Artesunate in Malaria Patients
Background: Intra-rectal artesunate has been developed as a potentially life-saving treatment of severe malaria in rural village settings where administration of parenteral antimalarial drugs is not possible. We studied the population pharmacokinetics of intra-rectal artesunate and the relationship…
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Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030
Background: Global and regional projections of mortality and burden of disease by cause for the years 2000, 2010, and 2030 were published by Murray and Lopez in 1996 as part of the Global Burden of Disease project. These projections, which are based on 1990 data, continue to be widely quoted…
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OPC-67683, a Nitro-Dihydro-Imidazooxazole Derivative with Promising Action against Tuberculosis In Vitro and In Mice
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Almost a third of the world's population is infected with TB bacilli, and each year approximately 8 million people develop active TB and 2 million die as a result. Today's TB treatment, which dates back to the 1970s, is long…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
How Behavioral Constraints May Determine Optimal Sensory Representations
The sensory-triggered activity of a neuron is typically characterized in terms of a tuning curve, which describes the neuron's average response as a function of a parameter that characterizes a physical stimulus. What determines the shapes of tuning curves in a neuronal population? Previous…
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Cooperation is Fleeting in the World of Transposable Elements
Composite transposons are key vehicles for the worldwide spreading of genes that allow bacteria to survive toxic compounds. Composite transposons consist of two smaller transposable elements called insertion sequences (ISs), which flank the genes that permit such survival. Each IS in a composite…
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Transcriptional Regulation by Competing Transcription Factor Modules
Gene regulatory networks lie at the heart of cellular computation. In these networks, intracellular and extracellular signals are integrated by transcription factors, which control the expression of transcription units by binding to cis-regulatory regions on the DNA. The designs of both eukaryotic…
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Natural Variants of At HKT1 Enhance Na + Accumulation in Two Wild Populations of Arabidopsis
Plants are sessile and therefore have developed mechanisms to adapt to their environment, including the soil mineral nutrient composition. Ionomics is a developing functional genomic strategy designed to rapidly identify the genes and gene networks involved in regulating how plants acquire and…
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