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  1. Preprint Full text

    Silicon Bureaucracy and AI Test-Oriented Education: Contamination Sensitivity and Score Confidence in LLM Benchmarks

    Song, Yiliang; An, Hongjun; Chen, Jiangan et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    …benchmark-centered regime as Silicon Bureaucracy and AI Test-Oriented Education, and argue that it rests on a fragile assumption: that benchmark scores directly reflect genuine generalization. In practice, however, such scores may conflate exam-oriented competence with principled capability…

  2. Preprint Full text

    AI Meets Mathematics Education: A Case Study on Supporting an Instructor in a Large Mathematics Class with Context-Aware AI

    Barghorn, Jérémy; Sotnikova, Anna; Friedli, Sacha et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    Large-enrollment university courses face persistent challenges in providing timely and scalable instructional support. While generative AI holds promise, its effective use depends on reliability and pedagogical alignment. We present a human-centered case study of AI-assisted support in a Calculus I…

  3. Preprint Full text

    Artificial Intelligence in Secondary Education: Educational Affordances and Constraints of ChatGPT-4o Use

    Sivenas, Tryfon; Maragkaki, Panagiota

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    The purpose of this study was to examine, from the perspective of secondary education students, the educational affordances and constraints of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning. The sample consisted of 45 students from the 2nd year of General Lyceum (11th grade, ages…

  4. Preprint Full text

    Pentecostal Mayors, Sexual Education, and Teenage Pregnancy

    Mello, Marcela; Garcia, João

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    …we find that the likelihood that municipal schools offer sexual education programs falls by 12.5 percentage points, with no changes in state schools outside mayoral control. We also find elevated STD rates, and higher middle school dropout rates, while slightly older cohorts show no effects…

  5. Preprint Full text

    To Use or Not to Use: Investigating Student Perceptions of Faculty Generative AI Usage in Higher Education

    Gao, Jie; Zhang, Jiayi; Chen, Dan

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    While Generative AI (GenAI) rapidly integrated into higher education, existing research has primarily focused on regulating student use. As a result, student perspectives on faculty adoption of GenAI remained unexplored. In this study, we analyzed survey responses from 156 undergraduate and…

  6. Preprint Full text

    A Human-Centered Approach to Ethical AI Education in Underresourced Secondary Schools

    Kuskova, Valentina; Howell, Sonia; Stines, Brianna et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    National and international policy efforts increasingly promote AI literacy in K--12 education, yet access to AI tools alone is insufficient to ensure equitable and responsible participation, particularly in under-resourced contexts. Without designs that integrate ethical reasoning, human support…

  7. Preprint Full text

    From Personas to Programming: Gender-specific Effects of Design Thinking-Based Computing Education at Secondary Schools

    Graßl, Isabella; Fraser, Gordon; Damian, Daniela

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    Creative approaches to attract students to software engineering at an early age are emerging, yet their differential impact on gender remains unclear. This study investigates whether design thinking's empathy-driven approach addresses the documented gender gap in interest in software engineering…

  8. Preprint Full text

    Large Language Models for Software Testing Education: an Experience Report

    Yang, Peng; Zhu, Yunfeng; Chang, Chao et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    …used to support software testing. Consequently, software testing education must evolve to prepare students for this new paradigm. However, while students have already begun to use LLMs in an ad hoc manner for testing tasks, there is limited empirical understanding of how such usage influences their…

  9. Preprint Full text

    Multi-Level Barriers to Generative AI Adoption Across Disciplines and Professional Roles in Higher Education

    Yang, Jianhua; Öge, Kerem; von Mühlenen, Adrian et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly reshaping higher education, yet barriers to its adoption across different disciplines and institutional roles remain underexplored. Existing literature frequently attributes adoption barriers to individual-level factors such as perceived…

  10. Preprint Full text

    PHOEG: an online tool for discovery and education in extremal graph theory

    Bonte, Sébastien; Devillez, Gauvain; Dusollier, Valentin et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    …tool (https://phoeg.umons.ac.be) designed to assist researchers and educators in graph theory. Building upon the exact geometrical approach of its predecessor, GraPHedron, PHOEG embeds graphs into a two-dimensional invariant space and computes their convex hull, where facets represent inequalities…

  11. Preprint Full text

    ConfusionBench: An Expert-Validated Benchmark for Confusion Recognition and Localization in Educational Videos

    Dong, Lu; Wang, Xiao; Frank, Mark et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    Recognizing and localizing student confusion from video is an important yet challenging problem in educational AI. Existing confusion datasets suffer from noisy labels, coarse temporal annotations, and limited expert validation, which hinder reliable fine-grained recognition and temporally grounded…

  12. Preprint Full text

    GUIDE: GenAI Units In Digital Design Education

    Xiao, Weihua; Blocklove, Jason; DeLorenzo, Matthew et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    GenAI Units In Digital Design Education (GUIDE) is an open courseware repository with runnable Google Colab labs and other materials. We describe the repository's architecture and educational approach based on standardized teaching units comprising slides, short videos, runnable labs, and related…

  13. Preprint Full text

    Large Language Models in Teaching and Learning: Reflections on Implementing an AI Chatbot in Higher Education

    Caccavale, Fiammetta; Gargalo, Carina L.; Kager, Julian et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    The landscape of education is changing rapidly, shaped by emerging pedagogical approaches, technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), and evolving societal expectations, all of which demand thorough evaluation of new educational tools. Although large language models (LLMs)…

  14. Preprint Full text

    Edu-Values: Towards Evaluating the Chinese Education Values of Large Language Models

    Zhang, Peiyi; Zhang, Yazhou; Wang, Bo et al.

    arXiv · 2024 · English · arXiv

    In this paper, we present Edu-Values, the first Chinese education values evaluation benchmark that includes seven core values: professional philosophy, teachers' professional ethics, education laws and regulations, cultural literacy, educational knowledge and skills, basic competencies and subject…

  15. Preprint Full text

    Human or LLM as Standardized Patients? A Comparative Study for Medical Education

    Zhang, Bingquan; Liu, Xiaoxiao; Wang, Yuchi et al.

    arXiv · 2025 · English · arXiv

    Standardized patients (SPs) are indispensable for clinical skills training but remain expensive and difficult to scale. Although large language model (LLM)-based virtual standardized patients (VSPs) have been proposed as an alternative, their behavior remains unstable and lacks rigorous comparison…

  16. Preprint Full text

    Bringing Multi-Modal Multi-Task Federated Foundation Models to Education Domain: Prospects and Challenges

    Borazjani, Kasra; Khosravan, Naji; Sahay, Rajeev et al.

    arXiv · 2025 · English · arXiv

    Multi-modal multi-task (M3T) foundation models (FMs) have recently shown transformative potential in artificial intelligence, with emerging applications in education. However, their deployment in real-world educational settings is hindered by privacy regulations, data silos, and limited…

  17. Preprint Full text

    Design Implications for Student and Educator Needs in AI-Supported Programming Learning Tools

    Ma, Boxuan; Xie, Yinjie; Li, Huiyong et al.

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    …leaving a gap in evidence-based design recommendations that reflect both educator and student perspectives in education settings. To ground the design of learning-oriented AI coding assistants for both sides' needs, we conducted parallel surveys of educators (N=50) and students (N=90) to compare…

  18. Preprint Full text

    Group-Differentiated Discourse on Generative AI in High School Education: A Case Study of Reddit Communities

    Gaba, Parth; De Cristofaro, Emiliano

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    In this paper, we study how different Reddit communities discuss generative AI in high school education, focusing on learning, academic integrity, AI detection, and emotional framing. Using 3,789 posts from five education-related subreddits, we compare student, teacher, and mixed communities using…

  19. Preprint Full text

    Beyond Detection: Rethinking Education in the Age of AI-writing

    Marina, Maria; Panchenko, Alexander; Konovalov, Vasily

    arXiv · 2026 · English · arXiv

    …lost when we let machines write for us, drawing on cognitive psychology, educational theory and real classroom practices. We argue that the process of writing -- messy, slow, often frustrating -- is where a human deep learning happens. The paper also explores the current possibilities of AI-text…

  20. Preprint Full text

    Beyond Text: Probing K-12 Educators' Perspectives and Ideas for Learning Opportunities Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models

    Tseng, Tiffany; Lam, Katelyn; Fu, Tiffany Lin et al.

    arXiv · 2025 · English · arXiv

    …information using a variety of modalities, but little is known about how educators envision how MLLMs might shape the future of learning experiences, what challenges diverse teachers encounter when interpreting how these models work, and what practical needs should be considered for successful…

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