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Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment
Cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment use various mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly T cell attack1. For example, metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) impair antitumour immune…
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Towards conversational diagnostic artificial intelligence
Abstract At the heart of medicine lies physician–patient dialogue, where skillful history-taking enables effective diagnosis, management and enduring trust 1,2 . Artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of diagnostic dialogue could increase accessibility and quality of care. However…
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Complexities of the global plastics supply chain revealed in a trade-linked material flow analysis
Abstract Plastic has become an integral part of our lives. Addressing the global environmental concerns of plastics requires a comprehensive analysis along the whole supply chain. Here, we provide a global trade-linked material flow analysis of plastics for the year 2022. Globally, 436.66 million…
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The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Their Antioxidant Properties to Scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species and Free Radicals
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with diverse abiotic stresses, with the phenylpropanoid pathway playing a central role in stress adaptation. This pathway produces an array of secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenols, which serve multiple functions in plant growth, development…
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Projected Lifetime Cancer Risks From Current Computed Tomography Imaging
Importance: Approximately 93 million computed tomography (CT) examinations are performed on 62 million patients annually in the United States, and ionizing radiation from CT is a known carcinogen. Objective: To project the number of future lifetime cancers in the US population associated with CT…
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Cytosolic phospholipase A2 in infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages does not impair recovery after spinal cord injury in female mice
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent motor and sensory loss that is exacerbated by intraspinal inflammation and persists months to years after injury. After SCI, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infiltrate the lesion to aid in myelin-rich debris clearance. During debris clearance, MDMs…
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Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), derived from circulating monocytes recruited to tumor sites via chemotactic signals such as C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), are pivotal components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Functionally polarized into distinct…
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The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described…
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AI Ethics: Integrating Transparency, Fairness, and Privacy in AI Development
The expansion of Artificial Intelligence in sectors such as healthcare, finance, and communication has raised critical ethical concerns surrounding transparency, fairness, and privacy. Addressing these issues is essential for the responsible development and deployment of AI systems. This research…
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2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
AIM: The "2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" retires and replaces the "2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection…
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Generative AI in Higher Education: Balancing Innovation and Integrity
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of higher education, offering novel opportunities for personalised learning and innovative assessment methods. This paper explores the dual-edged nature of GenAI's integration into educational practices, focusing on…
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DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars
Abstract We present the DESI 2024 galaxy and quasar baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements using over 5.7 million unique galaxy and quasar redshifts in the range 0.1 < z < 2.1. Divided by tracer type, we utilize 300,017 galaxies from the magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey with 0.1 < z…
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CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies have transformed the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma by redirecting activated T cells to CD19- or BCMA-expressing tumor cells. However, this approach has yet to be approved for acute myeloid leukemia…
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Cancer statistics, 2025
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data…
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DESI 2024 VI: cosmological constraints from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations
Abstract We present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman- α forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide…
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The Influence of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Resistance of Pine Roots to Pathogenic Infections. I. Antagonism of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Root Pathogenic Fungi and Soil Bacteria
Antagonism of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi to Phytophthora cinnamomi, other root pathogenic fungi, and soil bacteria was examined. In agar plate tests, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius deliciosus, Leucopaxillus cerealis var. piceina, Pisolithus tinctorius, and Suillus luteus inhibited growth of nearly…
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Negation in English and other languages
Synopsis: Otto Jespersen's landmark study of negation provides a wide-ranging analysis of how languages express negative meaning. Drawing on an impressive array of historical texts and comparative examples, primarily from Germanic and Romance languages, Jespersen examines the forms, functions, and…
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