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Journal Article
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
BACKGROUND: The benefit of the addition of perioperative pembrolizumab to standard care with surgery and adjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. METHODS: In this phase 3, open-label trial, we randomly assigned participants with…
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Journal Article
Energy metabolism in health and diseases
Energy metabolism is indispensable for sustaining physiological functions in living organisms and assumes a pivotal role across physiological and pathological conditions. This review provides an extensive overview of advancements in energy metabolism research, elucidating critical pathways such as…
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Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990–2023, and its attributable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and ranks among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. This analysis aimed to present global CKD estimates using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to inform evidence-based policies for CKD…
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Journal Article
Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes
BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, has been established in persons with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. An assessment of the cardiovascular efficacy of oral semaglutide in persons with type 2 diabetes and…
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Hydrogenation of CO 2 for sustainable fuel and chemical production
Catalytic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) hydrogenation is a potential route for producing sustainable fuels and chemicals, but existing catalysts need improvement. In particular, identifying active sites and understanding the interaction between components and the dynamic behavior of the participant…
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Book
Formal Ontology in Information Systems
The proceedings contain 20 papers. The topics discussed include: towards applied constructional ontology; on relative ontological commitment; concepts as variable embodiments; charting possible worlds: the quest for meaning in ontologies; the role of plans for qua-events and their effects on…
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The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer
The intestinal barrier serves as a boundary between the mucosal immune system in the lamina propria and the external environment of the intestinal lumen, which contains a diverse array of microorganisms and ingested environmental factors, including pathogens, food antigens, toxins, and other…
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The green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap
Abstract Green hydrogen is critical for decarbonizing hard-to-electrify sectors, but it faces high costs and investment risks. Here we define and quantify the green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap, showing that meeting hydrogen expectations will remain challenging despite surging…
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Global supply chains : why they emerged, why they matter, and where they are going
Global supply chains have transformed the world. They revolutionised development options facing poor nations – now they can join supply chains rather than having to invest decades in building their own. Offshoring of labour-intensive manufacturing stages and the attendant international mobility of…
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Journal Article
Advance in peptide-based drug development: delivery platforms, therapeutics and vaccines
The successful approval of peptide-based drugs can be attributed to a collaborative effort across multiple disciplines. The integration of novel drug design and synthesis techniques, display library technology, delivery systems, bioengineering advancements, and artificial intelligence have…
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Journal Article
Phototherapy in cancer treatment: strategies and challenges
Phototherapy has emerged as a promising modality in cancer treatment, garnering considerable attention for its minimal side effects, exceptional spatial selectivity, and optimal preservation of normal tissue function. This innovative approach primarily encompasses three distinct paradigms…
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From geroscience to precision geromedicine: Understanding and managing aging
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Antioxidants: a comprehensive review
Abstract Antioxidants had a growing interest owing to their protective roles in food and pharmaceutical products against oxidative deterioration and in the body and against oxidative stress-mediated pathological processes. Screening of antioxidant properties of plants and plant derived compounds…
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Warming accelerates global drought severity
Abstract Drought is one of the most common and complex natural hazards affecting the environment, economies and populations globally 1–4 . However, there are significant uncertainties in global drought trends 4–6 , and a limited understanding of the extent to which a key driver, atmospheric…
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Advances in Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts via Direct Oxygen–Oxygen Radical Coupling Pathway
reduction, reversible fuel cells, and rechargeable metal-air batteries. OER typically proceeds through three primary mechanisms: adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), and oxide path mechanism (OPM). Unlike AEM and LOM, the OPM proceeds via direct…
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Hepatocellular carcinoma: signaling pathways and therapeutic advances
Liver cancer represents a major global health concern, with projections indicating that the number of new cases could surpass 1 million annually by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes around 90% of liver cancer cases and is primarily linked to factors incluidng aflatoxin, hepatitis B…
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Liver diseases: epidemiology, causes, trends and predictions
As a highly complex organ with digestive, endocrine, and immune-regulatory functions, the liver is pivotal in maintaining physiological homeostasis through its roles in metabolism, detoxification, and immune response. Various factors including viruses, alcohol, metabolites, toxins, and other…
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Journal Article
NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and central nervous system diseases
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important intracellular multiprotein complex composed of the innate immune receptor NLRP3, the adaptor protein ASC, and the protease caspase-1. The activation…
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