35 results for "Nancy R Cook"
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Journal Article
Quantifying the added value of new biomarkers: how and how not
Abstract Over the past few decades, interest in biomarkers to enhance predictive modeling has soared. Methodology for evaluating these has also been an active area of research. There are now several performance measures available for quantifying the added value of biomarkers. This commentary…
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Journal Article
Reclassification calibration test for censored survival data: performance and comparison to goodness-of-fit criteria
Abstract Background The risk reclassification table assesses clinical performance of a biomarker in terms of movements across relevant risk categories. The Reclassification- Calibration (RC) statistic has been developed for binary outcomes, but its performance for survival data with moderate to…
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Journal Article Full text
On the use of variance per genotype as a tool to identify quantitative trait interaction effects: a report from the Women's Genome Health Study.
Testing for genetic effects on mean values of a quantitative trait has been a very successful strategy. However, most studies to date have not explored genetic effects on the variance of quantitative traits as a relevant consequence of genetic variation. In this report, we demonstrate that, under…
Also available at: PLOS
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Journal Article
Habitual Fish Consumption, n‐3 Fatty Acids, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Subfractions in Women
Background Supplementation with omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acid or dietary fish may protect against atherosclerosis, but the potential mechanisms are unclear. Prior studies found modest triglyceride‐lowering effects and slight increases in LDL (low‐density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Limited evidence has…
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Randomized Trial of the Effects of Insulin and Metformin on Myocardial Injury and Stress in Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Exploratory Analysis
BackgroundSubclinical myocardial injury, as measured by high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT), and myocardial stress, as measured by N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), are related to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and are strong predictors of…
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Journal Article Full text
Inflammation, Cholesterol, Lipoprotein(a), and 30-Year Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women
BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) levels contribute to 5-year and 10-year predictions of cardiovascular risk and represent distinct pathways for pharmacologic intervention. More information about the usefulness of…
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Journal Article
Effect of Combined Treatment With Folic Acid, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 on Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Women
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether reducing plasma homocysteine concentrations with long‐term, combined treatment with folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 alters plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in women at increased risk of cardiovascular…
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Comparison of Self-Reported and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity in Older Women.
Self-reported physical activity measures continue to be validated against accelerometers; however, the absence of standardized, accelerometer moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) definitions has made comparisons across studies difficult. Furthermore, recent accelerometer models assess…
Also available at: PLOS
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Journal Article
Unsupervised Learning Analysis of Triglycerides, Inflammation, Cholesterol, and the Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in the Women's Health Study
Background Traditional cardiovascular risk assessment entails investigator‐defined exposure levels and individual risk markers in multivariable analysis. We sought to determine whether an alternative unbiased learning analysis might provide further insights into vascular risk. Methods We conducted…
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Journal Article
Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Is the Relation Modified by Level of Global Cardiovascular Risk?
Background The inverse association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well‐ established and has previously been shown in people with and without single CVD risk factors. We examined whether level of global cardiovascular risk, on the basis of the pooled cohort equation or…
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Journal Article
Plasma Placental Growth Factor Concentrations Are Elevated Well in Advance of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Onset: Prospective Data From the WHS
Background Pathologic angiogenesis is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) microvascular complications and may modulate adipogenesis and precede the onset of clinical diabetes mellitus; however, longitudinal data are unavailable. Placental growth factor is a potent proangiogenic factor…
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Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether vitamin D and marine derived long chain omega 3 fatty acids reduce autoimmune disease risk. DESIGN: Vitamin D and omega 3 trial (VITAL), a nationwide, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial with a two-by-two factorial design. SETTING: Nationwide in the…
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Journal Article
Association Between a 20‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score Based on Modifiable Lifestyles and Total and Cause‐Specific Mortality Among US Men and Women
Background The previously validated Healthy Heart Score effectively predicted the 20‐year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examine whether the Healthy Heart Score may extend to an association with total and cause‐specific mortality. Methods and results The prospective cohort study…
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Journal Article
Vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo and incident type 2 diabetes in an ancillary study of the randomized Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial
Abstract Observational and experimental evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, prior randomized supplementation trials are limited to high-risk patients with prediabetes. Here we aim to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of T2D in a…
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Effect of Vitamin D 3 Supplements on Development of Advanced Cancer
Importance: Epidemiologic and trial data suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce metastatic cancer and cancer mortality, reflecting shared biological pathways. Objective: To follow up on the possible reduction in cancer death in the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL) with an evaluation…
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Lifestyle and behavioral factors and mitochondrial DNA copy number in a diverse cohort of mid-life and older adults.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is a putative biomarker of oxidative stress and biological aging. Modifiable factors, including physical activity (PA), avoidance of heavy alcohol use and smoking, and maintaining good mental health, may reduce oxidative stress and promote healthy aging. Yet…
Also available at: PLOS