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The Burden of Chronic Disease
Chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer have been and continue to be some of the major causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. A transition between infectious and noncommunicable diseases occurred in the early 1900s as a result of improved public health and has…
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Diversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health
Abstract Global food production faces challenges in balancing the need for increased yields with environmental sustainability. This study presents a six-year field experiment in the North China Plain, demonstrating the benefits of diversifying traditional cereal monoculture (wheat–maize) with cash…
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Nucleotide Transformer: building and evaluating robust foundation models for human genomics
The prediction of molecular phenotypes from DNA sequences remains a longstanding challenge in genomics, often driven by limited annotated data and the inability to transfer learnings between tasks. Here, we present an extensive study of foundation models pre-trained on DNA sequences, named…
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Water-hydroxide trapping in cobalt tungstate for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis
The oxygen evolution reaction is the bottleneck to energy-efficient water-based electrolysis for the production of hydrogen and other solar fuels. In proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), precious metals have generally been necessary for the stable catalysis of this reaction. In this…
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Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment
Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to human health, attributed to factors such as the emergence of new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, changes in living…
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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms and drug discovery
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of human membrane proteins and an important class of drug targets, play a role in maintaining numerous physiological processes. Agonist or antagonist, orthosteric effects or allosteric effects, and biased signaling or balanced signaling…
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Global cancer statistics 2022
This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, the global cancer statistics for 2022 offer a view on disparities in the incidence and mortality of cancer by sex and region worldwide and on the areas…
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The 2023 WHO World malaria report
The estimated number of global malaria cases in 2022 exceeded pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels in 2019, according to WHO’s 2023 World malaria report. Several threats to the malaria global response are highlighted in the report, including climate change.
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The promise and challenges of generative AI in education
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, such as large language models (LLMs), generate natural language and other types of content to perform a wide range of tasks. This represents a significant technological advancement that poses opportunities and challenges to educational research and…
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Advances in diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer
Bladder cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is associated with substantial impacts on patient quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and cost to the healthcare system. Gross hematuria frequently precedes the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer…
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Harnessing the Power of LLMs in Practice: A Survey on ChatGPT and Beyond
This article presents a comprehensive and practical guide for practitioners and end-users working with Large Language Models (LLMs) in their downstream Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. We provide discussions and insights into the usage of LLMs from the perspectives of models, data, and…
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Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
DISEASE OVERVIEW: Multiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies. DIAGNOSIS: The diagnosis requires ≥10% clonal bone marrow plasma cells or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of one or more multiple myeloma defining events (MDE): CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal…
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Hardware implementation of memristor-based artificial neural networks
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently experiencing a bloom driven by deep learning (DL) techniques, which rely on networks of connected simple computing units operating in parallel. The low communication bandwidth between memory and processing units in conventional von Neumann machines does not…
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Developing clinical prediction models: a step-by-step guide
Predicting future outcomes of patients is essential to clinical practice, with many prediction models published each year. Empirical evidence suggests that published studies often have severe methodological limitations, which undermine their usefulness. This article presents a step-by-step guide to…
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Safety of pulsed field ablation in more than 17,000 patients with atrial fibrillation in the MANIFEST-17K study
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is an emerging technology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), for which pre-clinical and early-stage clinical data are suggestive of some degree of preferentiality to myocardial tissue ablation without damage to adjacent structures. Here in the MANIFEST-17K…
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Detection of mosaic and population-level structural variants with Sniffles2
Calling structural variations (SVs) is technically challenging, but using long reads remains the most accurate way to identify complex genomic alterations. Here we present Sniffles2, which improves over current methods by implementing a repeat aware clustering coupled with a fast consensus sequence…
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Corporate Climate Risk: Measurements and Responses
Abstract This paper conducts a textual analysis of earnings call transcripts to quantify climate risk exposure at the firm level. We construct dictionaries that measure physical and transition climate risks separately and identify firms that proactively respond to climate risks. Our validation…
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Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression
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GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run
GWTC-2.1 is a catalog of gravitational wave events from compact binary coalescences from the first half of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. It improves on GWTC-2, which covered the same period but with less refined analysis methods. GWTC-2.1 identifies 8 new events, all…
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