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Adherence to voluntary UK sugar, salt, and calorie reduction targets in the highest-grossing restaurant chains: A cross-sectional study
Background: To address high rates of diet-related disease, the UK Government has a series of voluntary targets for retailers, manufacturers, and the out-of-home sector (e.g., restaurants), to reduce the sugar, salt, and calorie content of food products. The sugar targets were intended to be met in…
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Risk factors and prognosis analysis of gastrointestinal bleeding combined with hemorrhagic shock in patients in intensive care unit:A retrospective study
Background: Through retrospective analysis of clinical data on gastrointestinal bleeding complicated with hemorrhagic shock (GIB-HS) in patients in our intensive care unit（ICU）, we aim to explore relevant risk factors and prognosis, and provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment of such…
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Plasma small-extracellular vesicles’ proteomic signature in neoadjuvant chemotherapy–naïve breast cancer patients
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with obesity markedly increasing the risk in affected individuals. Liquid biopsy-based extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a minimally invasive platform for molecular profiling of tumor-derived markers. Plasma small-EVs…
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From knowledge to action: Participatory research methods to create an action plan for healthier communities
Introduction: There is a large knowledge to implementation gap in traditional research. Community based participatory research (CBPR) can fill this gap by improving the validity and relevance of research and by ensuring more effective knowledge translation. CBPR methods can also be used to develop…
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Work-family conflict in times of crisis: The moderating roles of self-efficacy and time-based spousal support during pandemic-induced remote work
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the global transition to remote work, requiring working parents to rapidly adapt to home-based arrangements. As work and family boundaries became increasingly blurred, concerns regarding work–family conflict (WFC) intensified. Drawing on Conservation of Resources…
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Cryptococcus neoformans adapts to host CO 2 concentrations via metabolic and stress-response remodeling
Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen that remodels its cellular physiology to survive within mammals and, in susceptible hosts, cause life-threatening meningoencephalitis. Of the many distinctions between the external environment and mammalian tissues, CO2 concentration in the host…
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Multimorbidity, health service use, and health insurance by socioeconomic groups in 31 countries: A multi-cohort study
Background: The prevalence of physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity is characterised by marked socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities. However, the relationships between multimorbidity patterns—particularly those involving cognitive conditions—and healthcare utilisation, as well as…
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Immune pathways that regulate neutrophil activation and replenishment prevent persistent pneumococcal colonization
Here, we examine immune signaling pathways affecting the duration of primary nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), the first step in its pathogenesis. Spn colonization which lasts days to weeks in WT mice was persistent (> 6 months) in the absence of IL-17RA-signaling…
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Application of machine learning with MALDI-TOF MS for rapid differentiation between methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Background: Application of machine learning with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry may allow rapid differentiation between methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and enable earlier AST-guided…
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An orthoflavivirus inhibitor targeting multifunctional NS2A protein, a previously unidentified target
Orthoflaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and yellow fever virus (YFV), constitute a significant public health concern with billions of people at risk of infection. Climate change and the expanding geographical…
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Synthetic data enables human-grade microtubule analysis with foundation models for segmentation
Studying microtubules (MTs) and their mechanical properties is central to understanding intracellular transport, cell division, and drug action. While important, experts still need to spend many hours manually segmenting these filamentous structures. The suitability of state-of-the-art methods for…
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Early identification of high-risk individuals for mortality after lung transplantation: A retrospective cohort study with topological feature engineering
Lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment for end-stage respiratory failure; however, it has substantial post-operative mortality risk. Current methods like the Lung Transplant Risk Index offer limited predictive performance. This study introduces a novel topological feature…
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Registered Report: How does art impact pain and stress? Exposure to multimodal art (Music + Visual) and music alone enhances pain tolerance more than visual art, but neither art form impacts autonomic or endocrine markers
While the pain- and stress-reducing effects of music are well investigated, effects of visual art and the combination of both modalities (music and visual art) are much less explored. We tested the (1) pain- and (2) stress-reducing effects of a multimodal (music + visual art) aesthetic…
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Depression among older parents’ and their associated factors after adult children’s migration: A mixed method study in an urban setting of Kathmandu Metropolitan City
With increasing life-expectancy, the older population of Nepal has also been increasing with Nepal census 2021 reporting 60 years and above population to be 10.21%. Nepal also has a high migration rate with 2.2 million absentee population reported in the 2021 census. Outmigration of adult children…
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Accuracy of AI-assisted diagnostic tools for Schistosoma haematobium : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium remains endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosis traditionally relies on urine microscopy to detect parasite eggs; however, its sensitivity declines in low-intensity infections. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image…
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Single-cell data integration across weakly linked modalities
Rapid advancements in technology enables the measurement of multimodal data at single-cell resolution, but with emerging modalities that are characterized by weak correlations with other modalities. Several computational approaches attempt to integrate these weakly linked multimodal data, but face…
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Coronavirus M protein disperses the trans-Golgi network and inhibits anterograde protein trafficking in the secretory pathway
Coronaviruses (CoVs) encode a variety of transmembrane proteins that are translated and processed at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Three host ER resident transmembrane proteins, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase…
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Diagnostic performance of a biotin-labeled 4D1 sandwich ELISA for serum antigen detection in talaromycosis
Background: Talaromycosis, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei, is a life-threatening opportunistic infection in individuals with advanced immunodeficiency, particularly people living with HIV in endemic regions of Southeast Asia. Early diagnosis is essential to reduce…
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Testosterone reduces uterine contractions in vivo: Evidence for non-genomic action in rats
This study aimed to investigate the non-genomic effect of testosterone (T) on uterine muscle contractility in non-pregnant and 22nd day pregnant rats, in vivo. It provides the first evidence of an in vivo T uterine relaxation effect during pregnancy. Circulating T levels were measured within 8…
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Intelligent diagnosis of major depressive disorder with edge convolution and contrastive learning
Based on functional connectivity (FC) matrices derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, graph neural networks (GNNs), as an advanced deep learning technique, have been widely applied in major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis. However, conventional GNNs…
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