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Journal Article
Finerenone with Empagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists to support the simultaneous initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in persons with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: of body-surface area), albuminuria (a…
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Journal Article Full text
Pattern recognition receptors: function, regulation and therapeutic potential
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are sensors in the immune system, detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). They serve as essential links between the innate and adaptive immune responses, initiating defense mechanisms against…
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Book Chapter Full text
Mass Transfer in Multicomponent Mixtures
13 1.2What this Book covers 14 1.3 Structure of the Book 15 1.4 Guidelines to the Reader 16 1.5 Guidelines to the Teacher 17 1.6 Symbols 18 1.7 Conventions 21 2 is SOMETHING WRONG?24 2.1 The Starting Point 24 2.2 Three Gases 26 2.3 Two Cations 28 2.4 Two Gases and a Porous Plug 2.5 Summary 2.6…
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Journal Article
Shaping the Future of Healthcare: Ethical Clinical Challenges and Pathways to Trustworthy AI
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, enabling advances in diagnostics, treatment optimization, and patient care. Yet, its integration raises ethical, regulatory, and societal challenges. Key concerns include data privacy risks, algorithmic bias, and…
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Journal Article Full text
Aging, longevity, and healthy aging: the public health approach
BACKGROUND: Population aging is one of the most significant global demographic changes of the 21st century, driven by increased life expectancy and declining fertility rates. This phenomenon presents both achievements and challenges for public health systems worldwide. AIMS: On the one hand…
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Journal Article Full text
A foundation model for atomistic materials chemistry
Atomistic simulations of matter, especially those that leverage first-principles (ab initio) electronic structure theory, provide a microscopic view of the world, underpinning much of our understanding of chemistry and materials science. Over the last decade or so, machine-learned force fields have…
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Journal Article Full text
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases and cell cycle regulation in biology and disease
Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are closely connected to the regulation of cell cycle progression, having been first identified as the kinases able to drive cell division. In reality, the human genome contains 20 different CDKs, which can be divided in at least three different sub-family with…
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Journal Article Full text
The distribution of subsurface microplastics in the ocean
Marine plastic pollution is a global issue, with microplastics (1 µm–5 mm) dominating the measured plastic count1,2. Although microplastics can be found throughout the oceanic water column3,4, most studies collect microplastics from surface waters (less than about 50-cm depth) using net tows5…
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Journal Article Full text
The STARD-AI reporting guideline for diagnostic accuracy studies using artificial intelligence
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Journal Article
Artificial lemming algorithm: a novel bionic meta-heuristic technique for solving real-world engineering optimization problems
The advent of the intelligent information era has witnessed a proliferation of complex optimization problems across various disciplines. Although existing meta-heuristic algorithms have demonstrated efficacy in many scenarios, they still struggle with certain challenges such as premature…
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Journal Article Full text
One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction
Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse 1 and important for livelihoods and economic development 2 , but are under substantial stress 3 . To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently…
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Journal Article Full text
Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in People With Diabetes: The Need for Screening and Early Intervention. A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing but often unrecognized medical problem for people with diabetes (particularly type 2 diabetes, especially when associated with obesity). Liver health has…
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Journal Article Full text
The GSA Family in 2025: A Broadened Sharing Platform for Multi-omics and Multimodal Data
The Genome Sequence Archive family (GSA family) provides a comprehensive suite of database resources for archiving, retrieving, and sharing multi-omics data for the global academic and industrial communities. It currently comprises four distinct database members: the Genome Sequence Archive (GSA…
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Journal Article Full text
Der vollkommene Capellmeister
Johann Mattheson (1681-1764) var den tyske baroks førende musikteoretiker og -kritiker. Han var selv sanger, musiker og komponist, men havde desuden en bred uddannelsesbaggrund og fungerede det meste af sit voksne liv som sekretær for den engelske ambassadør i Hamburg. Han udgav Critica Musica…
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Journal Article Full text
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent chronic disease affecting over 400 million people globally, is driven by genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenesis involves insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, mediated by mechanisms such as the dedifferentiation of β-cells…
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Journal Article Full text
Challenging Cognitive Load Theory: The Role of Educational Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence in Redefining Learning Efficacy
Background/Objectives: This systematic review integrates Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), Educational Neuroscience (EdNeuro), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) to examine their combined impact on optimizing learning environments. It explores how AI-driven adaptive learning…
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Journal Article
Generative artificial intelligence in higher education: Evidence from an analysis of institutional policies and guidelines
The release of ChatGPT in November 2022 prompted a massive uptake of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) across higher education institutions (HEIs). In response, HEIs focused on regulating its use, particularly among students, before shifting towards advocating for its productive…
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Journal Article Full text
Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: mechanisms and new perspectives
Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) recognized as a major etiological agent, affecting an estimated 50% of the world's population. There has been a rapidly expanding knowledge of the molecular and pathogenetic mechanisms of H. pylori…
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Journal Article
A comprehensive survey of loss functions and metrics in deep learning
This paper presents a comprehensive review of loss functions and performance metrics in deep learning, highlighting key developments and practical insights across diverse application areas. We begin by outlining fundamental considerations in classic tasks such as regression and classification, then…
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Journal Article
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Pathogenesis, Diseases, Prevention, and Therapy
Dysbiosis refers to the disruption of the gut microbiota balance and is the pathological basis of various diseases. The main pathogenic mechanisms include impaired intestinal mucosal barrier function, inflammation activation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic abnormalities. These mechanisms…
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