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Complexities of the global plastics supply chain revealed in a trade-linked material flow analysis
Abstract Plastic has become an integral part of our lives. Addressing the global environmental concerns of plastics requires a comprehensive analysis along the whole supply chain. Here, we provide a global trade-linked material flow analysis of plastics for the year 2022. Globally, 436.66 million…
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Oxidative Stress: Signaling Pathways, Biological Functions, and Disease
The dysregulated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species disrupts redox homeostasis, triggering oxidative stress (OS) and driving pathophysiological changes across multiple organ systems. OS modulates critical signaling pathways, induces inflammation, impairs…
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The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Their Antioxidant Properties to Scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species and Free Radicals
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with diverse abiotic stresses, with the phenylpropanoid pathway playing a central role in stress adaptation. This pathway produces an array of secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenols, which serve multiple functions in plant growth, development…
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Human inborn errors of immunity: 2024 update on the classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee
This report provides an updated classification of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) involving 508 different genes and 17 phenocopies. Of these, we report 67 novel monogenic defects and 2 phenocopies due to neutralizing anti-cytokine autoantibodies or somatic mutations, which either have been…
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Projected Lifetime Cancer Risks From Current Computed Tomography Imaging
Importance: Approximately 93 million computed tomography (CT) examinations are performed on 62 million patients annually in the United States, and ionizing radiation from CT is a known carcinogen. Objective: To project the number of future lifetime cancers in the US population associated with CT…
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Cytosolic phospholipase A2 in infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages does not impair recovery after spinal cord injury in female mice
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent motor and sensory loss that is exacerbated by intraspinal inflammation and persists months to years after injury. After SCI, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infiltrate the lesion to aid in myelin-rich debris clearance. During debris clearance, MDMs…
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Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), derived from circulating monocytes recruited to tumor sites via chemotactic signals such as C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), are pivotal components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Functionally polarized into distinct…
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The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described…
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RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer
A fundamental challenge for cancer vaccines is to generate long-lived functional T cells that are specific for tumour antigens. Here we find that mRNA–lipoplex vaccines against somatic mutation-derived neoantigens may solve this challenge in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a lethal cancer…
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AI Ethics: Integrating Transparency, Fairness, and Privacy in AI Development
The expansion of Artificial Intelligence in sectors such as healthcare, finance, and communication has raised critical ethical concerns surrounding transparency, fairness, and privacy. Addressing these issues is essential for the responsible development and deployment of AI systems. This research…
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Bias recognition and mitigation strategies in artificial intelligence healthcare applications
Artificial intelligence (AI) is delivering value across all aspects of clinical practice. However, bias may exacerbate healthcare disparities. This review examines the origins of bias in healthcare AI, strategies for mitigation, and responsibilities of relevant stakeholders towards achieving fair…
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2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
AIM: The "2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" retires and replaces the "2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection…
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AlphaFold Protein Structure Database and 3D-Beacons: New Data and Capabilities
• AlphaMissense scores now integrated, enabling large-scale pathogenicity analysis of protein missense variants. • Foldseek added for rapid, accurate protein structure searches and comparisons. • Bulk data downloads introduced for enhanced analysis and workflow integration. • 3D-Beacons updates…
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Generative AI in Higher Education: Balancing Innovation and Integrity
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of higher education, offering novel opportunities for personalised learning and innovative assessment methods. This paper explores the dual-edged nature of GenAI's integration into educational practices, focusing on…
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DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars
Abstract We present the DESI 2024 galaxy and quasar baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements using over 5.7 million unique galaxy and quasar redshifts in the range 0.1 < z < 2.1. Divided by tracer type, we utilize 300,017 galaxies from the magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey with 0.1 < z…
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