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Projections for prevalence of Parkinson’s disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
OBJECTIVE: To predict the global, regional, and national prevalence of Parkinson's disease by age, sex, year, and Socio-demographic Index to 2050 and quantify the factors driving changes in Parkinson's disease cases. DESIGN: Modelling study. DATA SOURCE: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. MAIN…
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Inequality: what can be done?
Economic inequality has become centre stage in the political debate, but what the political leaders have not said is what they would do about it. There are repeated calls for equitable growth but little clue as to how this is to be achieved. In this Working Paper, I seek to show what could be done…
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Stellar, brown dwarf and multiple star properties from a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation
We report the statistical properties of stars, brown dwarfs and multiple systems obtained from the largest radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation to date that resolves masses down to the opacity limit for fragmentation (a few Jupiter masses). The initial conditions are…
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Cu-based S-scheme photocatalysts
fixation, and pollutant degradation. This review comprehensively discusses recent progress in Cu-based S-scheme heterojunctions, and highlights their considerable potential for targeted applications in sustainable energy conversion, environmental remediation, and beyond. The fundamentals of…
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Comprehensive Review on the Structural Diversity and Versatility of Multi-Resonance Fluorescence Emitters: Advance, Challenges, and Prospects toward OLEDs
Fluorescence emitters with a multiple-resonant (MR) effect have become a research hotspot. These MR emitters mainly consist of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with boron/nitrogen, nitrogen/carbonyl, and indolocarbazole frameworks. The staggered arrangement of the highest occupied molecular orbital…
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DESI 2024 IV: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman alpha forest
Abstract We present the measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from the Lyman- α (Ly α ) forest of high-redshift quasars with the first-year dataset of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Our analysis uses over 420 000 Ly α forest spectra and their correlation with the…
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Advancements in Hydrogels: A Comprehensive Review of Natural and Synthetic Innovations for Biomedical Applications
In the rapidly evolving field of biomedical engineering, hydrogels have emerged as highly versatile biomaterials that bridge biology and technology through their high water content, exceptional biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties. This review provides an integrated overview of both…
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Digital learning in the 21st century: trends, challenges, and innovations in technology integration
The integration of digital technologies into education represents a significant evolution in the pedagogical landscape, with the potential to enhance accessibility, engagement, and personalization in learning. This review synthesizes current trends, challenges, and innovations within digital…
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Endovascular Treatment for Stroke Due to Occlusion of Medium or Distal Vessels
BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment (EVT) of stroke with large-vessel occlusion is known to be safe and effective. The effect of EVT for occlusion of medium or distal vessels is unclear. METHODS: We randomly assigned participants with an isolated occlusion of medium or distal vessels (occlusion of…
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Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries
Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public…
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Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab in Active Lupus Nephritis
BACKGROUND: Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, provided significantly better renal responses than placebo in a phase 2 trial involving patients with lupus nephritis receiving standard therapy. METHODS: In a phase 3, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned adults with…
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Network pharmacology: a crucial approach in traditional Chinese medicine research
Network pharmacology plays a pivotal role in systems biology, bridging the gap between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and contemporary pharmacological research. Network pharmacology enables researchers to construct multilayered networks that systematically elucidate TCM's…
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Advances in cancer immunotherapy: historical perspectives, current developments, and future directions
Cancer immunotherapy, encompassing both experimental and standard-of-care therapies, has emerged as a promising approach to harnessing the immune system for tumor suppression. Experimental strategies, including novel immunotherapies and preclinical models, are actively being explored, while…
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Self-assembled bilayer for perovskite solar cells with improved tolerance against thermal stresses
The adoption of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires improved resistance to high temperatures and temperature variations. Hole-selective self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have enabled progress in the performance of inverted PSCs, yet they may compromise temperature stability owing to desorption…
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Revolutionizing urban solid waste management with AI and IoT: A review of smart solutions for waste collection, sorting, and recycling
This review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) on urban solid waste management, focusing on their potential to enhance the processes of waste collection, sorting, and recycling. With urban populations on the rise and waste generation…
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Advances in lignocellulosic feedstocks for bioenergy and bioproducts
Lignocellulose, an abundant renewable resource, presents a promising alternative for sustainable energy and industrial applications. However, large-scale adoption of lignocellulosic feedstocks faces considerable obstacles, including scalability, bioprocessing efficiency, and resilience to climate…
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The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline
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Single Piles and Pile Groups Under Lateral Loading
The complexities of designing piles for lateral loads are manifold as there are many forces that are critical to the design of big structures such as bridges, offshore and waterfront structures, and retaining walls. The loads on structures should be supported either horizontally or laterally or in…
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Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2025
The number of people living with a history of cancer in the United States continues to rise because of the growth and aging of the population as well as improved survival through advances in early detection and treatment. To assist the public health community serve the needs of these survivors, the…
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