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Book
12th Annual International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (12th ICMSE)
This edition contains papers dedicated on research results that were presented at the 12th Annual International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2024, 26-28 July 2024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China) that emphasis a broad spectrum of issues and solutions related to mechanical…
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Journal Article
Neuromodulatory Control Networks (NCNs): A Biologically Inspired Architecture for Dynamic LLM Processing
Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have achieved remarkable success, yet their core processing mechanisms remain largely static after training. While powerful, this static nature limits their ability to dynamically adapt their processing strategy based on nuanced…
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Journal Article Full text
An Improved Grading System for Measuring Plant Diseases
Heretofore, in recording severity of plant diseases by grading, the grades have been assigned equal values in percentage. According to the Weber-Fechner law, the human eye distinguishes according to the logarithm of the light intensity. Hence, the grades should be based on equal ability to…
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Journal Article
Electronic properties of graphene encapsulated with different two-dimensional atomic crystals.
Hexagonal boron nitride is the only substrate that has so far allowed graphene devices exhibiting micrometer-scale ballistic transport. Can other atomically flat crystals be used as substrates for making quality graphene heterostructures? Here we report on our search for alternative substrates. The…
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A generative model for inorganic materials design
Abstract The design of functional materials with desired properties is essential in driving technological advances in areas such as energy storage, catalysis and carbon capture 1–3 . Generative models accelerate materials design by directly generating new materials given desired property…
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Journal Article
Responsible artificial intelligence governance: A review and research framework
• Synthesizes empirical studies on responsible AI and the underlying principles. • Differentiates between principles and governance of AI in a responsible way. • Analyzes through a critical lens existing studies and uncovers underlying assumptions. • Defines the notion of responsible AI governance…
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Electronic structure formed by Y2O3-doping in lithium position assists improvement of charging-voltage for high-nickel cathodes
High-capacity power battery can be attained through the elevation of the cut-off voltage for LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 high-nickel material. Nevertheless, unstable lattice oxygen would be released during the lithium deep extraction. To solve the above issues, the electronic structure is reconstructed…
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Journal Article
CONSORT 2025 Statement
Importance: Well-designed and properly executed randomized trials are considered the most reliable evidence on the benefits of health care interventions. However, there is overwhelming evidence that the quality of reporting is not optimal. The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)…
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Journal Article Full text
Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches
Immune evasion represents a significant challenge in oncology. It allows tumors to evade immune surveillance and destruction, thereby complicating therapeutic interventions and contributing to suboptimal patient outcomes. This review addresses the critical need to understand how cancers evade…
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Journal Article
Unleashing the potential of prompt engineering for large language models
This review explores the role of prompt engineering in unleashing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Prompt engineering is the process of structuring inputs, and it has emerged as a crucial technique for maximizing the utility and accuracy of these models. Both foundational and…
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Journal Article
Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation
Climate change threatens global food systems1, but the extent to which adaptation will reduce losses remains unknown and controversial2. Even within the well-studied context of US agriculture, some analyses argue that adaptation will be widespread and climate damages small3,4, whereas others…
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Journal Article
Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets
Macrophages are immune cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. They play crucial roles in immune defense, surveillance, and homeostasis. This review systematically discusses the types of hematopoietic progenitors that give rise to macrophages, including primitive hematopoietic…
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Book Chapter Full text
Opening Up Education: The Collective Advancement of Education through Open Technology, Open Content, and Open Knowledge
Given the abundance of open education initiatives that aim to make educational assets freely available online, the time seems ripe to explore the potential of open education to transform the economics and ecology of education. Despite the diversity of tools and resources already availablefrom…
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Journal Article Full text
Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity
Importance: Adherence to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is important for their effectiveness. Discontinuation and reinitiation patterns are not well understood. Objective: To describe rates of and factors associated with discontinuation and subsequent reinitiation of GLP-1…
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2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of myocarditis and pericarditis
ESC Guidelines for the management of myocarditis and pericarditisDeveloped by the task force for the management of myocarditis and pericarditis
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Book Chapter
Principles of Sociology
The accomplishments of Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) are somewhat paradoxical. He was unarguably one of the most widely read figures at the end of the nineteenth century, a fact easily confirmed by his importance to fields as various as biology, anthropology, sociology, politics, and ethics. But his…
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Journal Article Full text
Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
BACKGROUND: The WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan has set an overarching global target of achieving a 10% reduction in the prevalence of oral conditions by 2030. Robust and up-to-date information on the global burden of oral conditions is paramount to monitor progress towards this target. The aim…
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Journal Article Full text
Updated classification of epileptic seizures: Position paper of the International League Against Epilepsy
The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has updated the operational classification of epileptic seizures, building upon the framework established in 2017. This revision, informed by the implementation experience, involved a working group appointed by the ILAE Executive Committee…
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Journal Article Full text
Maillard Reaction: Mechanism, Influencing Parameters, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Food Industrial Applications: A Review
The Maillard reaction is a complex chemical reaction that occurs between nucleophilic groups, such as thiolates or amino groups primarily from amino acids, peptides, proteins, and carbonyl groups, particularly from reducing sugars. The pH value of the medium is a key parameter controlling the…
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