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Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial
BACKGROUND: Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma have a poor prognosis, and treatments with long-term benefits are needed. We report results from the preplanned interim analysis of the CheckMate 9DW trial assessing nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib for…
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Global Methane Budget 2000–2020
Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH 4 ) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. CH 4 is the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing after carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and both emissions and atmospheric…
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Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009–20: a WHO systematic analysis
BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is not on track to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.1 of a global maternal mortality ratio below 70 per 100 000 livebirths by 2030. Updated evidence on causes of death is needed to accelerate progress. METHODS: We conducted a multi-strategy systematic…
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A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using plant extracts: a multifaceted approach in photocatalysis, environmental remediation, and biomedicine
(neem) and many others are plant extracts that have been used as stabilizing and reducing agents because of their extensive phytochemical profiles. The resulting SNPs have outstanding qualities, such as better photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes like methylene blue, antibacterial efficacy…
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Patient-Specific In Vivo Gene Editing to Treat a Rare Genetic Disease
Base editors can correct disease-causing genetic variants. After a neonate had received a diagnosis of severe carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency, a disease with an estimated 50% mortality in early infancy, we immediately began to develop a customized lipid nanoparticle-delivered…
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A framework to assess clinical safety and hallucination rates of LLMs for medical text summarisation
Integrating large language models (LLMs) into healthcare can enhance workflow efficiency and patient care by automating tasks such as summarising consultations. However, the fidelity between LLM outputs and ground truth information is vital to prevent miscommunication that could lead to compromise…
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Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep
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YOLO advances to its genesis: a decadal and comprehensive review of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) series
Abstract This review systematically examines the progression of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection algorithms from YOLOv1 to the recently unveiled YOLOv12. Employing a reverse chronological analysis, this study examines the advancements introduced by YOLO algorithms, beginning with…
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Artificial intelligence for modeling and understanding extreme weather and climate events
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has deeply impacted various fields, including Earth system sciences, by improving weather forecasting, model emulation, parameter estimation, and the prediction of extreme events. The latter comes with specific challenges, such as developing accurate…
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CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomized trials
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Synergistic Atomic Environment Optimization of Nickel–Iron Dual Sites by Co Doping and Cr Vacancy for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
The dual-site synergistic catalytic mechanism on NiFeOOH suggests weak adsorption of Ni sites and strong adsorption of Fe sites limited its activity toward alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Large-scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that Co doping can increase Ni…
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Glioblastoma multiforme: insights into pathogenesis, key signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by a poor prognosis and significant resistance to existing treatments. Despite progress in therapeutic strategies, the median overall survival remains approximately 15 months. A hallmark…
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MIQE 2.0: Revision of the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments Guidelines
BACKGROUND: In 2009, the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines established standards for the design, execution, and reporting of quantitative PCR (qPCR) in research. The expansion of qPCR into numerous new domains has driven the development…
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Radiopharmaceuticals and their applications in medicine
Abstract Radiopharmaceuticals involve the local delivery of radionuclides to targeted lesions for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple diseases. Radiopharmaceutical therapy, which directly causes systematic and irreparable damage to targeted cells, has attracted increasing attention in the…
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide study of depression identifies 697 associations implicating cell types and pharmacotherapies
In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 688,808 individuals with major depression (MD) and 4,364,225 controls from 29 countries across diverse and admixed ancestries, we identify 697 associations at 635 loci, 293 of which are novel. Using fine-mapping and functional tools, we…
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Lactate: A key regulator of the immune response
Lactate, the end product of both anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis in proliferating and growing cells-with the latter process known as the Warburg effect-is historically considered a mere waste product of cell and tissue metabolism. However, research over the past ten years has unveiled multifaceted…
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Integration of smart sensors and IOT in precision agriculture: trends, challenges and future prospectives
Traditional farming methods, effective for generations, struggle to meet rising global food demands due to limitations in productivity, efficiency, and sustainability amid climate change and resource scarcity. Precision agriculture presents a viable solution by optimizing resource use, enhancing…
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Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in orchestrating cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, survival, and cell fate determination during development. Given its pivotal role in cellular communication, aberrant Wnt signaling has been extensively linked to the pathogenesis…
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Tarlatamab in Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
BACKGROUND: Tarlatamab, a bispecific delta-like ligand 3-directed T-cell engager immunotherapy, received accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer. Whether tarlatamab is more effective than chemotherapy in the treatment of patients whose…
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Glioblastoma at the crossroads: current understanding and future therapeutic horizons
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor in adults and poses significant challenges to patient survival. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the molecular and genetic landscape of GBM, focusing on key oncogenic drivers, such as epidermal growth factor…
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