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The EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems
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Deep learning and computer vision in plant disease detection: a comprehensive review of techniques, models, and trends in precision agriculture
Abstract Plant diseases cause significant damage to agriculture, leading to substantial yield losses and posing a major threat to food security. Detection, identification, quantification, and diagnosis of plant diseases are crucial parts of precision agriculture and crop protection. Modernizing…
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The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Students’ Academic Development
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has transformed academic learning, offering both opportunities and challenges for students’ development. This study investigates the impact of AI technologies on students’ learning processes and academic performance, with a focus on their…
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Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
BACKGROUND: Despite the well documented consequences of obesity during childhood and adolescence and future risks of excess body mass on non-communicable diseases in adulthood, coordinated global action on excess body mass in early life is still insufficient. Inconsistent measurement and reporting…
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Global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease across epidemiologic stages
During the twentieth century, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was considered a disease of early industrialized regions in North America, Europe and Oceania1. At the turn of the twenty-first century, IBD incidence increased in newly industrialized and emerging regions in Africa, Asia and Latin…
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NF-κB in inflammation and cancer
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that transactivates genes associated with a wide range of biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, cell growth and survival. Dysregulated NF-κB activation contributes to acute and chronic inflammatory disorders…
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Lactate and lactylation in cancer
Accumulated evidence has implicated the diverse and substantial influence of lactate on cellular differentiation and fate regulation in physiological and pathological settings, particularly in intricate conditions such as cancer. Specifically, lactate has been demonstrated to be pivotal in molding…
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2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Abstract This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the ramifications of AD for family caregivers, the dementia workforce, and society. The Special Report discusses Americans’…
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Parsimoniously Fitting Large Multivariate Random Effects in glmmTMB
Multivariate random effects with unstructured variance-covariance matrices of large dimensions, q, can be a major challenge to estimate. In this paper, we introduce a new implementation of a reduced-rank approach to fit large dimensional multivariate random effects by writing them as a linear…
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A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World
Taxonomic Catalog of Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae) of the World. 6th edition
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Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM
Candida species are the predominant cause of fungal infections in patients treated in hospital, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis primarily affect patients who are immunocompromised or critically ill. In contrast…
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Redox regulation: mechanisms, biology and therapeutic targets in diseases
Redox signaling acts as a critical mediator in the dynamic interactions between organisms and their external environment, profoundly influencing both the onset and progression of various diseases. Under physiological conditions, oxidative free radicals generated by the mitochondrial oxidative…
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The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis: Therapeutic implications
The microbiota-gut-brain axis has major implications for human health including gastrointestinal physiology, brain function, and behavior. The immune system represents a key pathway of communication along this axis with the microbiome implicated in neuroinflammation in health and disease. In this…
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PLIP 2025: introducing protein–protein interactions to the protein–ligand interaction profiler
PLIP, the protein-ligand interaction profiler, analyses molecular interactions in protein structures. PLIP detects eight types of non-covalent interactions. Initially focused on small-molecule, DNA, and RNA interactions to a protein, the current release incorporates protein-protein interactions. We…
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Obesity: Prevalence, causes, consequences, management, preventive strategies and future research directions
Obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing global public health challenges of the 21st century. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, with over 1 billion people classified as obese in 2022, representing 13 % of the global population. Since 1975, obesity rates have tripled, and…
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Electrospinning and Nanofiber Technology: Fundamentals, Innovations, and Applications
Electrospinning has emerged as a transformative technique for fabricating nanofibers (NFs), offering precise control over their morphology, composition, and functionality. This versatile process facilitates the production of fibers ranging from nanoscale to microscale with customized properties…
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Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment
Cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment use various mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly T cell attack1. For example, metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) impair antitumour immune…
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European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2025 Update
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The European Association of Urology (EAU) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) guideline panel has updated their evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for the management of RCC. Here we present a summary of the 2025 RCC guidelines updated with standardised methodology to…
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Towards conversational diagnostic artificial intelligence
Abstract At the heart of medicine lies physician–patient dialogue, where skillful history-taking enables effective diagnosis, management and enduring trust 1,2 . Artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of diagnostic dialogue could increase accessibility and quality of care. However…
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