52 hasil untuk "Roman Stocker"
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Artikel Jurnal
Biofilm disruption by an air bubble reveals heterogeneous age-dependent detachment patterns dictated by initial extracellular matrix distribution
Biofilm disruption: patterns of weak spots Using air bubbles to disrupt biofilms reveals patterns in biofilm structure and susceptibility to damage that depend on a biofilm’s age. Roman Stocker and colleagues at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH) used controlled flow of an…
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Focus on the physics of biofilms
Bacteria are the smallest and most abundant form of life. They have traditionally been considered as primarily planktonic organisms, swimming or floating in a liquid medium, and this view has shaped many of the approaches to microbial processes, including for example the design of most antibiotics…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Environmental fluctuations and their effects on microbial communities, populations and individuals
From the homeostasis of human health to the cycling of Earth's elements, microbial activities underlie environmental, medical and industrial processes. These activities occur in chemical and physical landscapes that are highly dynamic and experienced by bacteria as fluctuations. In this review, we…
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A tradeoff between physical encounters and consumption determines an optimal droplet size for microbial degradation of dispersed oil
Abstract Immiscible hydrocarbons occur in the ocean water column as droplets of varying diameters. Although microbial oil degradation is a central process in the remediation of hydrocarbon pollution in marine environments, the relationship between droplet size distribution and oil degradation rates…
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Raman-based sorting of microbial cells to link functions to their genes
In our recent work, we developed an optofluidic platform that allows a direct link to be made between the phenotypes (functions) and the genotypes (genes) of microbial cells within natural communities. By combining stable isotope probing, optical tweezers, Raman microspectroscopy, and…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Trophic Interactions and the Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly
Despite numerous surveys of gene and species content in heterotrophic microbial communities, such as those found in animal guts, oceans, or soils, it is still unclear whether there are generalizable biological or ecological processes that control their dynamics and function. Here, we review…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Mechanistic model of nutrient uptake explains dichotomy between marine oligotrophic and copiotrophic bacteria
Marine bacterial diversity is immense and believed to be driven in part by trade-offs in metabolic strategies. Here we consider heterotrophs that rely on organic carbon as an energy source and present a molecular-level model of cell metabolism that explains the dichotomy between copiotrophs—which…
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Microfluidic-based Time-kill Kinetic Assay
In many environments, bacteria favor a sessile, surface-attached community lifestyle. These communities, termed biofilms, are ubiquitous among many species of bacteria. In some cases, biofilms form under flow conditions. Flow chambers, and in particular microfluidic channels, can be used to observe…
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Bacterial maze runners reveal hidden diversity in chemotactic performance
Chemotaxis allows microorganisms to exploit gradients in chemical stimuli to find nutrient resources and hosts or escape noxious substances. Thus, the life of individual microbes in their natural environments is a continual sequence of decisions based on the perceived chemical gradients. However…
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Encounter rates between bacteria and small sinking particles
The ecological interaction between bacteria and sinking particles, such as bacterial degradation of marine snow particles, is regulated by their encounters. Current encounter models focus on the diffusive regime, valid for particles larger than the bacterial run length, yet the majority of marine…
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Finding patches in a heterogeneous aquatic environment: pH‐taxis by the dispersal stage of choanoflagellates
Abstract Microbial eukaryotes that feed on bacteria are critical links in aquatic food webs. We used the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta, whose life history includes fast‐ and slow‐swimming unicellular forms and multicellular colonies, to study performance of these different forms at finding…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
Systematic Spatial Bias in DNA Microarray Hybridization Is Caused by Probe Spot Position-Dependent Variability in Lateral Diffusion
Background: The hybridization of nucleic acid targets with surface-immobilized probes is a widely used assay for the parallel detection of multiple targets in medical and biological research. Despite its widespread application, DNA microarray technology still suffers from several biases and lack of…
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A distinct growth physiology enhances bacterial growth under rapid nutrient fluctuations
Here the authors use microfluidics and single-cell microscopy to quantify the growth dynamics of individual E. coli cells exposed to nutrient fluctuations with periods as short as 30 seconds, finding that nutrient fluctuations reduce growth rates up to 50% compared to a steady nutrient delivery of…
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Bacterial chemotaxis in a microfluidic T-maze reveals strong phenotypic heterogeneity in chemotactic sensitivity
Chemotaxis is usually considered as a trait of a species or population. Here, the authors use a microfluidics device to reveal that clonal E. coli show individual variation in a key aspect of chemotactic behavior.
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Multiscale Porosity Microfluidics to Study Bacterial Transport in Heterogeneous Chemical Landscapes
Abstract Microfluidic models are proving to be powerful systems to study fundamental processes in porous media, due to their ability to replicate topologically complex environments while allowing detailed, quantitative observations at the pore scale. Yet, while porous media such as living tissues…
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Artikel Jurnal Teks lengkap
The Extracellular Matrix Component Psl Provides Fast-Acting Antibiotic Defense in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Bacteria within biofilms secrete and surround themselves with an extracellular matrix, which serves as a first line of defense against antibiotic attack. Polysaccharides constitute major elements of the biofilm matrix and are implied in surface adhesion and biofilm organization, but their…
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Artikel Jurnal
A coral-on-a-chip microfluidic platform enabling live-imaging microscopy of reef-building corals
Studies of coral in laboratory settings are limited by a lack of reliable methods for manipulation of the coral microenvironment and monitoring of coral processes in vitro. Here the authors develop coral-on-a-chip, a microfluidic platform to enable study of coral processes at single-cell resolution.