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A petavoxel fragment of human cerebral cortex reconstructed at nanoscale resolution
To fully understand how the human brain works, knowledge of its structure at high resolution is needed. Presented here is a computationally intensive reconstruction of the ultrastructure of a cubic millimeter of human temporal cortex that was surgically removed to gain access to an underlying…
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Lanthanide-regulating Ru-O covalency optimizes acidic oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Abstract Precisely modulating the Ru-O covalency in RuO x for enhanced stability in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is highly desired. However, transition metals with d -valence electrons, which were doped into or alloyed with RuO x , are inherently susceptible to the influence of…
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What defines a healthy gut microbiome?
The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred therapies such as first and next generation probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, microbiota editing and faecal microbiota…
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Thermally Enhanced Relay Electrocatalysis of Nitrate-to-Ammonia Reduction over Single-Atom-Alloy Oxides
The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) holds promise for converting nitrogenous pollutants to valuable ammonia products. However, conventional electrocatalysis faces challenges in effectively driving the complex eight-electron and nine-proton transfer process of the NO 3 RR while…
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Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot
Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast…
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Hydrogels and Wound Healing: Current and Future Prospects
The care and rehabilitation of acute and chronic wounds have a significant social and economic impact on patients and global health. This burden is primarily due to the adverse effects of infections, prolonged recovery, and the associated treatment costs. Chronic wounds can be treated with a…
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Extracting accurate materials data from research papers with conversational language models and prompt engineering
There has been a growing effort to replace manual extraction of data from research papers with automated data extraction based on natural language processing, language models, and recently, large language models (LLMs). Although these methods enable efficient extraction of data from large sets of…
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Osteoarthritis year in review 2024: Epidemiology and therapy
This "Year in Review" presents a curated selection of research themes and individual studies within the clinical osteoarthritis (OA) field, focusing on epidemiology and therapy. The search was conducted in electronic database MEDLINE from March 4, 2023, to March 31, 2024, specifically targeting…
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters
Abstract We present cosmological constraints from a gravitational lensing mass map covering 9400 deg 2 reconstructed from measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2017 to 2021. In combination with measurements of baryon acoustic…
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Benchmarking Large Language Models for News Summarization
Abstract Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automatic summarization but the reasons behind their successes are poorly understood. By conducting a human evaluation on ten LLMs across different pretraining methods, prompts, and model scales, we make two important observations. First…
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Advances in Nanotechnology for Enhancing the Solubility and Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs
This manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology's impact on the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, with a focus on BCS Class II and IV drugs. We explore various nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDSs), including lipid-based, polymer-based, nanoemulsions…
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Palliative Care for Patients With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
ASCO Guidelines provide recommendations with comprehensive review and analyses of the relevant literature for each recommendation, following the guideline development process as outlined in the ASCO Guidelines Methodology Manual . ASCO Guidelines follow the ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy for…
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A critical review of RNN and LSTM variants in hydrological time series predictions
The rapid advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data has developed significance in the water sector, particularly in hydrological time-series predictions. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have become research focal points due to their…
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CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer
Importance: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are T lymphocytes that are genetically engineered to express a synthetic receptor that recognizes a tumor cell surface antigen and causes the T cell to kill the tumor cell. CAR T treatments improve overall survival for patients with large B-cell…
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Leveraging large language models for predictive chemistry
Abstract Machine learning has transformed many fields and has recently found applications in chemistry and materials science. The small datasets commonly found in chemistry sparked the development of sophisticated machine learning approaches that incorporate chemical knowledge for each application…
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Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks
Abstract Most tough hydrogels are reinforced by introducing energy dissipation mechanisms, but simultaneously realizing a high toughness and low hysteresis is challenging because the energy dissipation structure cannot recover rapidly. In this work, high mechanical performance highly entangled…
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Colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger versus older adults: an analysis of population-based cancer registry data
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that colorectal cancer incidence is increasing among younger adults (aged 0·80), high (0·70-0·79), medium (0·55-0·69), and low (
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Single-phase local-high-concentration solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries
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De novo protein design—From new structures to programmable functions
Methods from artificial intelligence (AI) trained on large datasets of sequences and structures can now "write" proteins with new shapes and molecular functions de novo, without starting from proteins found in nature. In this Perspective, I will discuss the state of the field of de novo protein…
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