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A biomarker-stratified comparison of top-down versus accelerated step-up treatment strategies for patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (PROFILE): a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Management strategies and clinical outcomes vary substantially in patients newly diagnosed with Crohn's disease. We evaluated the use of a putative prognostic biomarker to guide therapy by assessing outcomes in patients randomised to either top-down (ie, early combined immunosuppression…
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Advances of composite materials in automobile applications – A review
This paper emphasizes the benefits of using composite materials in manufacturing automobile components instead of conventional metal. Some unknown and unorganized information on the multifunctional phenomena of composite materials is guided by relevance for manufacturing. Researchers enhance the…
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Dopant-additive synergism enhances perovskite solar modules
Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties 1,2 . However, the lower efficiency, poor stability and reproducibility issues of large-area PSCs compared with laboratory-scale PSCs are notable…
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Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline Update
PURPOSE: To update an evidence-based guideline to assist in clinical decision-making for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: ASCO convened an Expert Panel to update the 2020 guideline on systemic therapy for HCC. The panel updated the systematic review to include…
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Global burden associated with 85 pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
BACKGROUND: Despite a global epidemiological transition towards increased burden of non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the burden of a wide range of infectious diseases, and its variation by geography and…
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Advances in Medical Image Segmentation: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional, Deep Learning and Hybrid Approaches
Medical image segmentation plays a critical role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, enabling precise analysis across a wide range of clinical tasks. This review begins by offering a comprehensive overview of traditional segmentation techniques, including thresholding, edge-based methods…
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Programmed microalgae-gel promotes chronic wound healing in diabetes
Abstract Chronic diabetic wounds are at lifelong risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers owing to severe hypoxia, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a complex inflammatory microenvironment, and the potential for bacterial infection. Here we develop a programmed treatment strategy employing…
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Colorectal polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2024
1: ESGE recommends cold snare polypectomy (CSP), to include a clear margin of normal tissue (1-2 mm) surrounding the polyp, for the removal of diminutive polyps (≤ 5 mm).Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence. 2: ESGE recommends against the use of cold biopsy forceps excision because of…
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European Society of Cardiology: the 2023 Atlas of Cardiovascular Disease Statistics
This report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas Project updates and expands upon the 2021 report in presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics for the ESC member countries. This paper examines inequalities in cardiovascular healthcare and outcomes in ESC member countries…
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Analysis of Breast Cancer Mortality in the US—1975 to 2019
Importance: Breast cancer mortality in the US declined between 1975 and 2019. The association of changes in metastatic breast cancer treatment with improved breast cancer mortality is unclear. Objective: To simulate the relative associations of breast cancer screening, treatment of stage I to III…
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IFSO Worldwide Survey 2020–2021: Current Trends for Bariatric and Metabolic Procedures
PURPOSE: This IFSO survey aims to describe the current trends of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) reporting on the number and types of surgical and endoluminal procedures performed in 2020 and 2021, in the world and within each IFSO chapter. METHODS: All national societies belonging to IFSO…
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Positionality Statements as a Function of Coloniality: Interrogating Reflexive Methodologies
Abstracts Declaration of positionality and the confession of privilege as a way of revealing unequal power dynamics in knowledge production has become an increasingly encouraged reflexive practice in international relations and other disciplines. However, we interrogate the potentially negative…
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Updated mechanisms of MASLD pathogenesis
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has garnered considerable attention globally. Changing lifestyles, over-nutrition, and physical inactivity have promoted its development. MASLD is typically accompanied by obesity and is strongly linked to metabolic syndromes. Given…
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Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Multi-Omics Integration for Personalized Healthcare
The field of multi-omics has witnessed unprecedented growth, converging multiple scientific disciplines and technological advances. This surge is evidenced by a more than doubling in multi-omics scientific publications within just two years (2022–2023) since its first referenced mention in 2002, as…
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The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: The growth rate of cosmic structure since redshift z=0.9
We present precise measurements of the growth rate of cosmic structure for the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.9, using redshift-space distortions in the galaxy power spectrum of the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey. Our results, which have a precision of around 10% in four independent redshift bins, are…
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Machine Learning-Based Predictive Models for Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases present a significant global health challenge that emphasizes the critical need for developing accurate and more effective detection methods. Several studies have contributed valuable insights in this field, but it is still necessary to advance the predictive models and…
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Recent advancements and challenges of NLP-based sentiment analysis: A state-of-the-art review
Sentiment analysis is a method within natural language processing that evaluates and identifies the emotional tone or mood conveyed in textual data. Scrutinizing words and phrases categorizes them into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments. The significance of sentiment analysis lies in its…
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Can large language models reason about medical questions?
Although large language models often produce impressive outputs, it remains unclear how they perform in real-world scenarios requiring strong reasoning skills and expert domain knowledge. We set out to investigate whether closed- and open-source models (GPT-3.5, Llama 2, etc.) can be applied to…
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Generative Artificial Intelligence to Transform Inpatient Discharge Summaries to Patient-Friendly Language and Format
Importance: By law, patients have immediate access to discharge notes in their medical records. Technical language and abbreviations make notes difficult to read and understand for a typical patient. Large language models (LLMs [eg, GPT-4]) have the potential to transform these notes into…
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