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AI Agents vs. Agentic AI: A Conceptual taxonomy, applications and challenges
Information fusion, in the context of the Generative AI era, must distinguish AI Agents from Agentic AI. This review critically distinguishes between AI Agents and Agentic AI, offering a structured, conceptual taxonomy, application mapping, and analysis of opportunities and challenges to clarify…
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A Focused Update to the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Anxiety, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU
RATIONALE: Critically ill adults are at risk for a variety of distressing and consequential symptoms both during and after an ICU stay. Management of these symptoms can directly influence outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to update and expand the Society of Critical Care Medicine's 2018…
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Endometriosis
Importance: Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease defined by endometrial-like tissue (lesions) outside the uterine lining. It affects up to 10% of women worldwide, and 9 million women in the US, during reproductive years. Observations: Endometriosis has varying…
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🧜Siren’s Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models
Abstract While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of downstream tasks, a significant concern revolves around their propensity to exhibit hallucinations: LLMs occasionally generate content that diverges from the user input, contradicts previously…
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Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges
This review highlights recent progress in exosome-based drug delivery for cancer therapy, covering exosome biogenesis, cargo selection mechanisms, and their application across multiple cancer types. As small extracellular vesicles, exosomes exhibit high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity…
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Segment Anything for Microscopy
Accurate segmentation of objects in microscopy images remains a bottleneck for many researchers despite the number of tools developed for this purpose. Here, we present Segment Anything for Microscopy (μSAM), a tool for segmentation and tracking in multidimensional microscopy data. It is based on…
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Extracellular matrix stiffness: mechanisms in tumor progression and therapeutic potential in cancer
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem composed of both cellular and non-cellular components that surround tumor tissue. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key component of the TME, performing multiple essential functions by providing mechanical support, shaping the TME, regulating…
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Clinician Experiences With Ambient Scribe Technology to Assist With Documentation Burden and Efficiency
Importance: Timely evaluation of ambient scribing technology is warranted to assess whether this technology can lessen the burden of clinical documentation on clinicians. Objective: To investigate the association of ambient scribing technology with efficiency, quality, and perceived burden of…
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fastp 1.0: An ultra‐fast all‐round tool for FASTQ data quality control and preprocessing
Fastp has been recognized as one of the most popular FASTQ file preprocessors because of its powerful functions and extreme performance. As its first major update, fastp 1.0 will be formally presented in this paper, including its new features and the implementation principles behind it. Two other…
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Large Language Models for Chatbot Health Advice Studies
Importance: There is much interest in the clinical integration of large language models (LLMs) in health care. Many studies have assessed the ability of LLMs to provide health advice, but the quality of their reporting is uncertain. Objective: To perform a systematic review to examine the reporting…
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Invasion and metastasis in cancer: molecular insights and therapeutic targets
The progression of malignant tumors leads to the development of secondary tumors in various organs, including bones, the brain, liver, and lungs. This metastatic process severely impacts the prognosis of patients, significantly affecting their quality of life and survival rates. Research efforts…
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A comprehensive review of methodologies and application to use the real-world data and analytics platform TriNetX
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy and safety of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. However, while they are designed to control confounders and ensure internal validity, their usually stringent inclusion and exclusion…
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High-entropy alloy enables multi-path electron synergism and lattice oxygen activation for enhanced oxygen evolution activity
Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is key to several energy technologies but suffers from low activity. Leveraging the lattice oxygen activation mechanism (LOM) is a strategy for boosting its activity. However, this approach faces significant thermodynamic challenges, requiring…
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Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Adults With Chronic Pain
Importance: Depression and anxiety are common among adults with chronic pain, but their prevalence is unclear. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults with chronic pain and identify factors that moderate prevalence. Data Sources: A literature search was…
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Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence
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Mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced sperm dysfunction
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in male infertility by impairing sperm function through various molecular mechanisms. This review explores the impact of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) on spermatozoa, particularly focusing on lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, and protein…
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Estimated Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in US Adults, 2020 to 2050
Importance: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is projected to become the leading indication for liver transplant (LT) in the US. Understanding its clinical burden can help to identify opportunities for prevention…
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Homeostasis and metabolism of iron and other metal ions in neurodegenerative diseases
As essential micronutrients, metal ions such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc, are required for a wide range of physiological processes in the brain. However, an imbalance in metal ions, whether excessive or insufficient, is detrimental and can contribute to neuronal death through oxidative…
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Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Pharmacological Properties, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin in green tea, comprises approximately 50% of its total polyphenol content and has garnered widespread recognition for its significant therapeutic potential. As the principal bioactive component of Camellia sinensis, EGCG is celebrated for…
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Machine learning in point-of-care testing: innovations, challenges, and opportunities
The landscape of diagnostic testing is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into decentralized, rapid, and accessible sensor platforms for point-of-care testing (POCT). The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the…
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